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首页> 外文学位 >Shifts in ammonia -oxidizing bacteria community structure and nitrogen transformations with dairy waste application in an agricultural soil.
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Shifts in ammonia -oxidizing bacteria community structure and nitrogen transformations with dairy waste application in an agricultural soil.

机译：在农业土壤中施用乳制品废物后，氨氧化细菌群落结构的变化和氮的转化。

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摘要

Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) mediate the first rate-liming step of autotrophic nitrification, which is considered as the key control point in N cycling due to the mobility of nitrate and loss of oxidized N forms. Understanding the genetics and metabolism of AOB in general and the effect of animal waste application on their community structure and associated N transformations is desirable for proper and efficient management of animal waste N in soils.;Molecular techniques were employed to investigate quantitative and compositional changes in AOB community after application of dairy waste compost (DC), liquid dairy waste (LW), and ammonium sulfate fertilizer (AS) at 100 and 200 kg available N ha-1 in an agricultural soil for several years. Field isotope dilution techniques and laboratory incubation experiments were done to determine treatment-associated changes in N transformation rates.;AOB population size ranged from 105 to 106 cells g-1 soil in the variously treated soils. Clone libraries of partial amoA sequences indicated that cluster 3 sequences were the common AOB with Nitrosospira multiformis strains being the most dominant. AS-treated soils seemed to have the least diverse AOB with all the clones grouping under cluster 3 while DC- and LW-treated soils had clones from more than one cluster.;The DC treatment significantly increased soil organic C, N, and labile organic N pools as well as urease activity as compared to the other treatments. The mean gross N mineralization rates for 1999 to 2002 for the high-level DC, LW, and AS treatments were 5.72, 2.89, and 1.27 mg N kg-1 d-1, respectively, whereas gross nitrification rates were 10.24, 1.57, and 0.74 mg N kg-1 d-1, respectively. Net mineralization rates were less than 35% of gross rates while nitrate consumption was not significant under any treatment. Soils receiving high-level DC and LW applications showed a three-fold increase in nitrifier activity compared to the control.;AOB responded differentially to dairy waste and ammonium fertilizer treatments. Congruent with the change in the AOB community structure, the compost treatments resulted in significantly different nitrification rates than the ammonium sulfate treatment, suggesting that changes in AOB community structure and function were related.
机译：氨氧化细菌（AOB）介导自养硝化的第一步速率限制步骤，由于硝酸盐的迁移和氧化N形式的损失，氨氧化细菌被认为是N循环的关键控制点。总体上了解AOB的遗传和代谢以及动物粪便的施用对其群落结构和相关N转化的影响，对于正确，有效地管理土壤中的动物粪便N是理想的。;采用分子技术研究了土壤中AOB的数量和组成变化在农业土壤上以100和200 kg可用N ha-1施用乳制品废料堆肥（DC），液态乳制品废料（LW）和硫酸铵肥料（AS）后，AOB社区。进行了现场同位素稀释技术和实验室培养实验，以确定与处理相关的氮转化率变化。在各种处理过的土壤中，AOB种群的大小范围为105至106细胞g-1。部分amoA序列的克隆文库表明，簇3序列是常见的AOB，其中多形亚硝基螺菌菌株最为常见。经过AS处理的土壤似乎具有最小的AOB，所有克隆都归类于第3类，而经过DC和LW处理的土壤具有来自一个以上簇的克隆; DC处理显着增加了土壤有机碳，氮和不稳定有机物与其他处理相比，N库和脲酶活性更高。高级DC，LW和AS处理在1999年至2002年的平均N总矿化率分别为5.72、2.89和1.27 mg N kg-1 d-1，而总硝化率分别为10.24、1.57和分别为0.74 mg N kg-1 d-1。净矿化率低于总矿化率的35％，而硝酸盐消耗量在任何处理下均不显着。与对照相比，接受大量DC和LW施用的土壤硝化活性增加了三倍。AOB对乳制品废物和铵肥处理的反应不同。与AOB群落结构的变化一致，堆肥处理的硝化率与硫酸铵处理显着不同，这表明AOB群落结构和功能的变化是相关的。

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  • 作者

    Habteselassie, Mussie Y.;

  • 作者单位

    Utah State University.;

  • 授予单位 Utah State University.;
  • 学科 Soil sciences.;Biogeochemistry.;Microbiology.;Agricultural engineering.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2005
  • 页码 253 p.
  • 总页数 253
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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