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Trehalose metabolism and its interaction with glycogen metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster

机译：果蝇海藻糖代谢及其与糖原代谢的相互作用

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摘要

Adaptation to new habitats requires the acquisition of new life history characteristics that may be linked to the main glycolytic pathways. Understanding the evolutionary dynamics that shape genetic variation and lead to phenotypic adaptation requires multiple levels of analysis of relevant points along a pathway. In order to understand the process of translation of genotypic variation into phenotypic variation, a population genetic and functional genomic approach is adopted and concentrated on the glycolytic enzymes of trehalose and glycogen pathway.;First, the molecular evolution of Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6pase ), Udp-glucose pyrophosphorylase (Ugp), Trehalose (Treh) and Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (Tps1) are analyzed in D. melanogaster and in its sibling species D. simulans. A pattern consistent with adaptive protein evolution is observed at the Treh locus in D. melanogaster . Along the D. simulans lineage adaptive amino acid fixation is observed at the G6pase and Tps1 loci, where as the Treh showed relaxation of selection.;An analysis of geographical variation is conducted along the east cost of United States. A silent site polymorphism at Ugp and an amino acid polymorphism at Treh showed clinal variation. The derived alleles of both genes increased in frequency with latitude, a pattern consistent with temperate adaptation. The Ugp alleles had significantly different activity levels, however Treh alleles did not show significant activity variation.;The role of trehalase in trehalose metabolism was further studied with P-element derived knockout alleles that differed only in their relative levels of trehalase activity. Significant interactions between the trehalase activity and the maximum activities of udp-glucose pyrophosphorylase, phosphoglucomutase, hexokinase and concentrations of glycogen and trehalose are found.;The observations suggest that there is enzyme activity connection between the steps leading to the glycogen and trehalose metabolism. Alterations in trehalose and glycogen metabolites can only be accomplished trough a pathway response involving multiple steps.
机译：适应新的栖息地需要获得新的生活史特征，这些特征可能与主要的糖酵解途径有关。要了解塑造遗传变异并导致表型适应的进化动力学，就需要对途径中相关点进行多层次的分析。为了理解基因型变异转化为表型变异的过程，采用了群体遗传和功能基因组学方法，重点研究了海藻糖的糖酵解酶和糖原途径。首先，葡萄糖-6磷酸酶（G6pase）的分子进化），对黑腹果蝇及其同胞种拟南芥中的Udp-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶（Ugp），海藻糖（Treh）和海藻糖6-磷酸合酶（Tps1）进行了分析。一个模式与适应性蛋白质进化一致观察到在Treh基因位点的D.黑腹。沿D. simulans谱系，在G6pase和Tps1位点观察到了适应性氨基酸固定，Treh显示出选择的放宽。;对美国东部成本进行了地理变异分析。 Ugp处的一个沉默位点多态性和Treh处的一个氨基酸多态性表现出临床差异。这两个基因的衍生等位基因的频率随纬度增加，与温带适应一致。 Ugp等位基因具有显着不同的活性水平，但是Treh等位基因没有显示出明显的活性变化。;使用P元素衍生的敲除等位基因进一步研究了海藻糖酶在海藻糖代谢中的作用，这些等位基因仅在其相对水平的海藻糖酶活性上有所差异。在海藻糖酶活性与udp-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶，磷酸葡萄糖突变酶，己糖激酶和糖原和海藻糖浓度之间存在显着的相互作用;观察结果表明导致糖原和海藻糖代谢的步骤之间存在酶活联系。海藻糖和糖原代谢物的改变只能通过涉及多个步骤的途径反应来完成。

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  • 作者

    Sezgin, Efe.;

  • 作者单位

    State University of New York at Stony Brook.;

  • 授予单位 State University of New York at Stony Brook.;
  • 学科 Genetics.;Animal Physiology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2005
  • 页码 233 p.
  • 总页数 233
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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