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首页> 外文学位 >1. Improving the yield of biodiesel from microalgae and other lipids. 2. Studies of the wax ester biosynthetic pathway and potential biotechnological application.
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1. Improving the yield of biodiesel from microalgae and other lipids. 2. Studies of the wax ester biosynthetic pathway and potential biotechnological application.

机译：1.提高微藻和其他脂质的生物柴油产量。 2.蜡酯生物合成途径的研究和潜在的生物技术应用。

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摘要

The production of biofuels and oleochemicals from renewable sources offers an opportunity to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels. The work contained in this dissertation has focused on developing and improving methods for the production of biodiesel from non-traditional feedstocks and understanding biosynthetic pathways that result in the production of oleochemicals and fuels.;Pure vegetable oil can account for 70-80% of the total cost of biodiesel production. Many low-cost oils contain high amounts of free fatty acids, which are unsuitable for base-catalyzed transesterification. Herein an approach is described that efficiently accomplishes the simultaneous esterification and transesterification of both free fatty acids and triglycerides found in low-cost oils. The approach utilizes an acid catalyst and longer-chain alcohols to improve biodiesel yields from oils high in free fatty acids.;Microalgae are a promising biodiesel feedstock, due to its high lipid productivity and its ability to be cultivated using resources, land and water, unsuitable for agriculture. As part of this work, reaction conditions were optimized for the direct (or in situ) transesterification of algal biomass to biodiesel. This approach accomplishes the simultaneous extraction and conversion of the total lipids from microalgae and results in increased yields compared to extraction followed by conversion. The use of this process to effectively produce biodiesel from wet algal biomass is also discussed.;Wax esters are a class of oleochemicals that can be used for a wide range of applications in diverse industries. The chemical composition of native wax esters from the bacterium Marinobacter aquaeolei was determined. It was found that including small alcohols in the growth medium resulted in the in vivo formation of esters similar to biodiesel. All of the proteins involved in the wax ester biosynthetic pathway are not known. The cloning, purification, and characterization of a putative fatty aldehyde reductase from M. aquaeolei, believed to be involved in the production of wax esters, is reported. Finally, the expression of a ws/dgat (wax ester synthase) gene from M. aquaeolei in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is discussed as an approach to producing biodiesel in vivo from sunlight and CO2.
机译：由可再生资源生产生物燃料和油脂化学制品提供了减少我们对矿物燃料的依赖的机会。本论文的工作重点在于开发和改进由非传统原料生产生物柴油的方法，并了解导致油类化学品和燃料生产的生物合成途径。纯植物油可占70-80％生物柴油生产的总成本。许多低成本的油都含有大量的游离脂肪酸，不适合用于碱催化的酯交换反应。本文描述了一种方法，该方法有效地完成了在低成本油中发现的游离脂肪酸和甘油三酸酯的同时酯化和酯交换。该方法利用酸催化剂和长链醇来提高游离脂肪酸含量高的油的生物柴油收率。微藻是一种有前途的生物柴油原料，因为它的脂质生产率高，并且能够利用资源，土地和水进行耕种，不适合农业。作为这项工作的一部分，优化了反应条件，以将藻类生物质直接（或原位）酯交换为生物柴油。该方法完成了从微藻中总脂质的同时提取和转化，与先提取后转化相比，产量增加。还讨论了使用该方法从湿藻类生物质有效生产生物柴油的方法。蜡酯是一类油脂化学产品，可在各种行业中广泛使用。确定了来自水生Marinobacter aquaeolei细菌的天然蜡酯的化学组成。发现在生长培养基中包含小醇导致体内形成类似于生物柴油的酯。蜡酯生物合成途径中涉及的所有蛋白质均未知。据报道，据认为与蜡酯生产有关的来自水产莫拉氏菌的假定的脂肪醛还原酶的克隆，纯化和表征。最后，在蓝藻Synechocystis sp。中表达了水产莫拉氏菌的ws / dgat（蜡酯合酶）基因。 PCC 6803被讨论为一种利用阳光和二氧化碳在体内生产生物柴油的方法。

著录项

  • 作者

    Wahlen, Bradley D.;

  • 作者单位

    Utah State University.;

  • 授予单位 Utah State University.;
  • 学科 Chemistry General.;Chemistry Biochemistry.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2012
  • 页码 252 p.
  • 总页数 252
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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