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首页> 外文学位 >Mouvement biologique et entrainement perceptivo-cognitif chez les personnes âgees.
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Mouvement biologique et entrainement perceptivo-cognitif chez les personnes âgees.

机译：老年人的生物运动和知觉认知训练。

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摘要

When searching for a friend in a crowd or waiting for a loved one at the train station, we often rely heavily on their gait to identify them. The movements of the human body have generated much research interest, and biological motion has been used to study these displacements. Biological motion is described by points at each joint and provides a representation of an individual during a particular action (walking, playing golf, tennis, etc.).;Size is one of the defining characteristics of biological motion patterns, and yet, has been overlooked. Most work has used small patterns, corresponding to a person moving at a distance of 16 m from the observer, but much of our social interactions occur at distances closer than this. Furthermore, our representations of the environment can change as we age, but studies assessing the effects of age on the perception of biological motion have yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, using a fully immersive virtual-reality environment, our first goal was to evaluate the impact of distance between observer and pattern, on biological motion perception in both young and older adults. Results indicate that identifying walking direction becomes difficult at distances closer than 4 m for older observers, whereas performance is maintained in younger participants at all distances further away than 1m. This suggests that older participants exhibit difficulty when information must be integrated across a large expanse of their visual field, which could impede them in any situation where interactions occur within a distance of 4m.;Much work has suggested further, that older participants adapt to complex environments with greater difficulty. The second goal was to minimize this age-related change to the integration of complex scenes, by using a task devised to both train and assess such integration processes: Multiple Object Tracking in 3-dimentional space, or 3D-MOT. 3D-MOT consists of tracking several moving objects of interest, among similarly moving distractors. In a 3-D virtual-reality environment, we measured the maximum speed at which the objects could travel, for younger and older observers to complete the task with no errors. Initial results indicated that older observers' performance was worse than that of younger observers. However, after several weeks of training, older observers' performance improved and became similar to that of untrained younger observers.;Finally, our third goal was to evaluate, for these 3D-MOT-trained older observers, the effect of training on biological motion perception at distances of 16 and 4m in virtual space. Findings indicate that performance at 4 m, for older observers who received 3D-MOT training, improved significantly to reach 16 m levels. This suggests that training of this type can reduce age-related perceptuo-cognitive deficits and can possibly aid the elderly in their daily travels.
机译：在人群中寻找朋友或在火车站等亲人时，我们经常严重依赖他们的步态来识别他们。人体的运动引起了很多研究兴趣，并且已经使用生物运动来研究这些位移。生物运动用每个关节处的点来描述，并在特定动作（步行，打高尔夫球，网球等）中提供个体的表示。尺寸是生物运动模式的定义特征之一，但是，被忽略了。大多数工作使用小的模式，对应于一个人与观察者的距离为16 m，但是我们的许多社交互动都发生在距离观察者更近的地方。此外，随着年龄的增长，我们对环境的表述可能会发生变化，但是评估年龄对生物运动感知的影响的研究却产生了不一致的结果。因此，在完全沉浸式虚拟现实环境中，我们的首要目标是评估观察者与图案之间的距离对年轻人和老年人的生物运动知觉的影响。结果表明，对于年龄较大的观察者而言，在距离小于4 m的距离处识别步行方向变得困难，而在距离小于1 m的所有距离处的年轻参与者都保持了性能。这表明，当必须在广阔的视野中整合信息时，较老的参与者会遇到困难，这可能会阻止他们在4m距离内发生交互的任何情况下;很多工作进一步表明，较老的参与者会适应复杂的环境环境难度更大。第二个目标是通过使用设计用于训练和评估这种整合过程的任务来最小化与年龄相关的对复杂场景整合的改变：3维空间或3D-MOT中的多对象跟踪。 3D-MOT包括跟踪类似运动的分散器中的多个感兴趣的运动对象。在3D虚拟现实环境中，我们测量了物体可以移动的最大速度，以使年轻和年长的观察者能够毫无错误地完成任务。初步结果表明，老年观察员的表现比年轻观察员的表现差。但是，经过几周的训练，老年观察者的表现有所改善，并且变得与未经训练的年轻观察者相似。最后，我们的第三个目标是针对这些受3D-MOT训练的老年观察者评估训练对生物运动的影响在虚拟空间中的16和4m距离处感知。研究结果表明，对于接受3D-MOT培训的老年观察者，在4 m处的表现大大提高，达到了16 m。这表明这种训练可以减少与年龄有关的感知-认知缺陷，并可以帮助老年人进行日常旅行。

著录项

  • 作者

    Legault, Isabelle.;

  • 作者单位

    Universite de Montreal (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 Universite de Montreal (Canada).;
  • 学科 Psychology Cognitive.;Gerontology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2012
  • 页码 143 p.
  • 总页数 143
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 肿瘤学;
  • 关键词

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