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首页> 外文学位 >Determination of calcium, magnesium, and aluminum in Fraser fir (Abies fraseri) foliage and surrounding soil in the Great Smoky Mountains, Balsam Mountains, and Black Mountains using inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy.
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Determination of calcium, magnesium, and aluminum in Fraser fir (Abies fraseri) foliage and surrounding soil in the Great Smoky Mountains, Balsam Mountains, and Black Mountains using inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy.

机译：使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定大烟山，苦瓜山和黑山的弗雷泽冷杉（Abies fraseri）树叶和周围土壤中的钙，镁和铝。

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摘要

The Fraser fir (Abies Fraseri) is a conifer commonly found in the Eastern United States. In the Southern Appalachian Mountains Fraser fir share an ecosystem with Red Spruce (Picea rubens) in island-like stands typically above 1500 m. The Balsam Wooly Adelgid is recognized to be the primary reason for Fraser fir decline in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, but atmospheric deposition may also be involved. Acid deposition allows nutrients calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg 2+) to be leached from soil and foliage, and allows for mobilization of toxic metals like aluminum (Al3+) to become available for interaction with the fir. Investigation of these effects could summarize the intensity of acidic deposition in the Southern Appalachian Mountain ranges studied.Samples of Fraser fir foliage and surrounding soil were gathered from 8 sites in the Great Smoky Mountains, in the Balsam Mountains, and in the Black Mountains. 30 samples were collected from each site, divided into 3 classes of life stage (10 seedlings, 10 saplings, and 10 mature trees). Using an acid digestion method for foliage and a soil extraction method for exchangeable metals in soil, concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and aluminum were found using Inductively-Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy. Student's t-test, analysis of variance, and linear regression analysis were used to statistically compare the data.There was a considerable amount of correlation between foliar and exchangeable soil metal concentrations as a result of elevation or longitude. The 8 sites were divided in half based on elevation (4 sites above 1900 m, 4 sites below 1900 m), and comparisons were made. Western sites are closer in proximity to coal-burning power plants in Tennessee, so they were expected to exhibit increased effects of acid deposition. Foliar and exchangeable soil metal concentrations were tested against soil pH, and very little correlation was found. Three life stage classes of samples were acquired (seedlings, saplings, and mature trees) and expected to all have statistically similar concentrations of metals in both foliage and soil, but almost all were different. No correlation was found in soil exchangeable metal concentrations and foliar metal concentrations, but a trend existed in soil exchangeable aluminum and foliar calcium concentrations.The data from this experiment was also compared to previous studies from 1969, 1994, and 1996 at two different sites. The comparison to the 1996 study at Clingmans Dome showed differences in foliar magnesium and aluminum concentrations, with decreased toxic metal and increased nutrient concentrations as expected. Differences also existed when comparing foliar nutrient concentrations to the 1969 and 1994 studies at Richland Balsam. Since 1994, a decline in acid deposition related effects was observed, which could show success of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments.
机译：弗雷泽冷杉（Abies Fraseri）是美国东部常见的针叶树。在阿巴拉契亚山脉南部，弗雷泽冷杉与通常在1500 m以上的岛状林中的红云杉（Picea rubens）共享一个生态系统。 Balsam Wooly Adelgid被公认为是南部阿巴拉契亚山区弗雷泽（Fraser）冷杉下降的主要原因，但大气沉积也可能参与其中。酸的沉积使土壤和树叶中的养分钙（Ca2 +）和镁（Mg 2+）浸出，并使诸如铝（Al3 +）之类的有毒金属能够动员起来，使其与杉木相互作用。对这些影响的研究可以总结出所研究的南部阿巴拉契亚山脉中酸性沉积的强度。从大烟山，香脂山和黑山的8个地点收集了弗雷泽冷杉的叶子和周围土壤的样品。从每个站点收集了30个样本，分为3个生命阶段（10棵幼苗，10棵树苗和10棵成熟树木）。使用酸消解叶面酸解法和土壤中可交换金属的土壤提取法，通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法发现了钙，镁和铝的浓度。使用学生t检验，方差分析和线性回归分析对数据进行统计比较。由于海拔或经度的关系，叶面和可交换土壤金属浓度之间存在相当大的相关性。根据海拔高度将8个站点分为两部分（1900 m以上的4个站点，1900 m以下的4个站点），并进行了比较。西部站点更靠近田纳西州的燃煤发电厂，因此预计它们会显示出更多的酸沉积作用。根据土壤pH值测试了叶面和可交换的土壤金属浓度，几乎没有发现相关性。采集了三个生命阶段类别的样品（幼苗，幼树和成熟树木），并预期它们在叶子和土壤中都具有统计学上相似的金属浓度，但几乎都不同。土壤可交换金属浓度和叶面金属浓度之间没有相关性，但土壤可交换铝和叶面钙浓度存在趋势。该实验的数据也与之前在1969年，1994年和1996年在两个不同地点的研究进行了比较。与1996年在Clingmans Dome进行的研究比较表明，叶面镁和铝的浓度存在差异，有毒金属含量降低，而养分浓度也达到了预期。将叶营养素浓度与Richland Balsam的1969年和1994年研究进行比较时，也存在差异。自1994年以来，观察到酸沉降相关影响的下降，这可能表明1990年《清洁空气法修正案》取得了成功。

著录项

  • 作者

    Wilson, Lucas E.;

  • 作者单位

    Western Carolina University.;

  • 授予单位 Western Carolina University.;
  • 学科 Chemistry Analytical.Environmental Sciences.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2010
  • 页码 114 p.
  • 总页数 114
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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