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Investigation of the structure and properties of diamond-like carbon films deposited electrochemically at low temperatures.

机译：研究在低温下电化学沉积的类金刚石碳膜的结构和性能。

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Electrodeposition is a novel method for fabrication of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films on metal substrates. In this work, DLC was electrochemically deposited on different substrates based on an anodic oxidation cyclization of acetylene in liquid ammonia. Successfully anodic deposition was carried out for DLC onto nickel substrate at temperatures below -40°C. Comparative studies were performed on a series of different carbon sources (acetylene, sodium acetylide, and a mixture of acetylene and sodium acetylide). The films were characterized using a variety of methods including Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), XPS valence band spectra, and/or scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Raman spectroscopy is used as a bench mark technique to verify the presence of deposited DLC films, to access the films homogeneities, and to provide the ratio of the different carbon phases, mainly disordered graphite (D) and graphite (G) phases in the films. A combination of the Raman with FTIR and valence band spectra analysis allowed the distinction between hydrogenated DLC and unhydrogenated DLC films. Three different kinds of DLC [(1) hydrogenated DLC (a-C:H); (2) tetrahedral hydrogenated DLC (ta-C:H); and (3) graphitic-like DLC] were deposited depending upon the deposition conditions and substrates.; Temperature and current density are the most important parameters to govern the quality of the deposited films, where adding of acetylide into the electrolyte led to films with a higher degree of graphitic phases. The proposed mechanism for acetylene anodic oxidation does not involve direct electron transfer but electrochemical cyclization of acetylene radical cations and hydrogen abstraction at the termination steps. Sodium acetylide, however, dissociates to an acetylenic ion, C2H-, in liquid ammonia. The electrochemistry heterogeneity also leads to island and two-dimensional (2D) nucleation growth of DLC films.; Different bond formations of metal to carbon and different chemisorptions of acetylene on metal play important roles in governing the film properties. Using mixed C2HNa and C2H2 as electrolyte, polycrystalline diamond and hexagonal diamond are formed on Mo and stainless steel, respectively. This is the first time to report that polycrystalline diamond can be grown electrochemically at temperature below -40°C. The preliminary studies on substrate pretreatment with diamond powder and SiC 600 are studied.; The effect of the substrate on the film quality for the electrodeposited DLC films described herein is similar to that for diamond deposition via chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
机译：电沉积是一种在金属基板上制造类金刚石碳（DLC）膜的新颖方法。在这项工作中，基于乙炔在液氨中的阳极氧化环化，将DLC电化学沉积在不同的基材上。对于DLC，在低于-40°C的温度下成功地将阳极进行了阳极沉积。对一系列不同的碳源（乙炔，乙炔钠以及乙炔和乙炔钠的混合物）进行了比较研究。使用多种方法对薄膜进行表征，包括拉曼光谱，傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR），X射线光电子能谱（XPS），XPS价带谱和/或扫描电子显微镜（SEM）。拉曼光谱法被用作基准技术，以验证沉积的DLC膜的存在，获得膜的均匀性并提供膜中不同碳相（主要是无序石墨（D）和石墨（G））相的比率。 。拉曼光谱与FTIR以及价带谱分析相结合，可以区分氢化DLC膜和未氢化DLC膜。三种不同的DLC [（1）氢化DLC（a-C：H）; （2）四面体氢化DLC（ta-C：H）； （3）根据沉积条件和衬底沉积类似石墨的DLC]。温度和电流密度是控制沉积膜质量的最重要参数，其中，将乙炔化物添加到电解质中会导致膜层具有较高的石墨相。乙炔阳极氧化的拟议机制不涉及直接电子转移，而是在终止步骤中乙炔自由基阳离子的电化学环化和氢提取。但是，乙炔酸钠在液氨中分解为乙炔离子C2H-。电化学异质性还导致DLC薄膜的岛状和二维（2D）成核生长。金属与碳的不同键形成以及乙炔在金属上的不同化学吸附在控制薄膜性能方面起着重要作用。使用混合的C2HNa和C2H2作为电解质，分别在Mo和不锈钢上形成多晶金刚石和六角形金刚石。这是首次报道多晶金刚石可以在低于-40°C的温度下电化学生长。研究了用金刚石粉和SiC 600预处理衬底的初步研究。对于本文所述的电沉积的DLC膜，基材对膜质量的影响与通过化学气相沉积（CVD）进行金刚石沉积的影响相似。

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