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Structural estimation on demand with brand choice and quantity adjustment: From non-organic to organic food.

机译：通过品牌选择和数量调整来根据需求进行结构估算：从非有机食品到有机食品。

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摘要

I estimate product demand in the vertically differentiated goods market, where consumers choose brand and quantity. I develop a two-stage decision model where consumer chooses both discrete brand and continuous quantity. Using Nielsen Homescan data, I estimate consumer demand in the markets of organic and non-organic bagged carrots.;I modify Dixit-Stiglitz preferences by adding linear combination of brands and preference weights of each brand in order to capture quality-quantity trade-off. In my model, the quantity decision is brand dependent and it is derived from underlying optimization. As Hanemann (1984) points out, optimal discrete choice depends on optimal continuous choice and vice versa. While Hanemann (1984) does not focus on quality-quantity trade-off, my model sheds light on vertically differentiated goods market. I estimate individual demand using maximum likelihood method and conduct counterfactual experiments of price and income changes.;The policy experiments are conducted for two scenarios with plausible values of price elasticity of demand. For a 10% drop in prices of organic carrots, for instance, producers of organic carrots can expect 42.9% rise in quantity demanded and 7.8% increase in supplier revenue in organic carrots market. As consumers switch from non-organic to organic carrots in response to price fall for the latter, they could make a downward adjustment in overall quantity demanded of carrots; the total consumption in the carrot markets (organic and non-organic) would fall by 1.8%, with the fall in the supplier revenue by 2.5%.;Consumption of carrots depends also on income elasticity of demand. With a 10% increase in household income, our experiments show, consumption of organic carrots would increase 19.7% while that of non-organic carrots would fall 3.1%. With increase in income, the quantity demanded overall in the carrot markets would fall by 1.7% and the supplier revenue by 2.8%. Given our data and the underlying pattern of carrot consumption, a downward quantity adjustment in total carrot consumption (organic and non-organic) could well be expected. That segment of the consumers who switch from non-organic to organic carrots will see their carrot consumption fall (given their budget constraints). If these consumers play a more potent role in the carrot market (i.e., they dominate the carrot demand in the market), their role in reducing total carrot consumption may outweigh that of organic consumers who now increase the consumption of the same (organic carrots).
机译：我估计了垂直差异化商品市场中的产品需求，消费者在这里选择品牌和数量。我开发了一个两阶段的决策模型，其中消费者选择离散品牌和连续数量。使用Nielsen Homescan数据，我估计了有机和非有机袋装胡萝卜市场上的消费者需求。；我通过添加品牌和每个品牌的偏好权重的线性组合来修改Dixit-Stiglitz偏好，以获取质量与数量之间的权衡。 。在我的模型中，数量决定取决于品牌，它是从基础优化中得出的。正如Hanemann（1984）指出的那样，最优离散选择取决于最优连续选择，反之亦然。尽管Hanemann（1984）并不关注质量与数量的权衡，但我的模型为纵向差异化的商品市场提供了启示。我使用最大似然法估计个人需求，并进行价格和收入变动的反事实实验。；对两种情况进行了政策实验，两种情况的需求价格弹性都合理。例如，如果有机胡萝卜价格下降10％，有机胡萝卜生产商可以预期有机胡萝卜市场的需求量将增长42.9％，供应商收入将增长7.8％。随着消费者对有机胡萝卜价格下跌的反应而从非有机胡萝卜转向有机胡萝卜，他们可以对胡萝卜的总需求量进行下调；胡萝卜市场（有机和非有机）的总消费量将下降1.8％，供应商的收入下降2.5％。；胡萝卜的消费量还取决于需求的收入弹性。我们的实验表明，如果家庭收入增加10％，有机胡萝卜的消费量将增长19.7％，而非有机胡萝卜的消费量将下降3.1％。随着收入的增加，胡萝卜市场的整体需求量将下降1.7％，供应商收入将下降2.8％。根据我们的数据和胡萝卜消费的基本模式，很可能会期望胡萝卜总消费量（有机和非有机）的数量下调。从非有机胡萝卜转向有机胡萝卜的那部分消费者将看到他们的胡萝卜消费量下降（由于预算限制）。如果这些消费者在胡萝卜市场上发挥着更强大的作用（即，他们主导着市场上的胡萝卜需求），那么它们在减少胡萝卜总消费量方面的作用可能会超过现在增加相同胡萝卜（有机胡萝卜）消费量的有机消费者的作用。 。

著录项

  • 作者

    Oh, Soo Hyun.;

  • 作者单位

    The Pennsylvania State University.;

  • 授予单位 The Pennsylvania State University.;
  • 学科 Agricultural economics.;Environmental economics.;Commerce-Business.;Finance.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2012
  • 页码 117 p.
  • 总页数 117
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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