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Effect of chewing gum on short and long-term food choice and calorie intake.

机译：口香糖对短期和长期食物选择以及卡路里摄入量的影响。

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摘要

Chewing gum before eating may reduce appetite and alter short and long-term food selection. One mechanism for this may be a reduction in motivation to get food, operationalized as reinforcing value. The reinforcing value of food is measured by how hard people will work to get access to food. The purpose of the first study was to test the hypothesis that chewing gum reduces the reinforcing value of food. A follow-up study tested the hypothesis that chewing gum before intake would reduce total calorie consumption in the field. In the first study, participants were instructed to chew mint gum, fruit gum, or no gum for 15 minutes before playing a game to earn points for food. Participants then played a food reinforcement game where they could win portions of a "healthy" food (mandarin oranges or grapes), and portions of a "snack" food (M&M's or potato chips). After participants earned as many points toward food that they wanted, they were instructed to consume as much or as little as they wanted in the laboratory. The participants also rated their hunger and liking of the study foods before and after chewing gum and before and after eating. In study 2, participants were instructed to chew gum before every single eating occasion while keeping a strict food journal, and keep a strict food journal while abstaining from chewing gum. For the gum interventions, participants chewed Nutratrim chewing gum, a "weight loss" gum, for one week, Eclipse chewing gum for one week, and no gum for one week while recording intake. The results of study 1 showed that mint gum reduced consumption of the healthy food and liking of the healthy food, and both mint and fruit gum reduced reported hunger levels compared to the no gum condition. Despite the effect on hunger, neither of the chewing gums reduced consumption of high calorie snack foods or had an effect on total calories consumed. In the second study, no significant effects on daily calories were seen, however, an increase in calories per meal and a decrease in number of meals were seen during the chewing gum weeks. Additionally, during the no gum week, participants had a significantly higher Mean Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (MAR), indicating more of their nutrient needs were met during that week. Despite use of a special weight loss gum, there were no significant weight differences after each intervention. These studies show that using chewing gum as a dietary tool may be detrimental, because it does not have a significant effect on calorie consumption and it decreases consumption of healthy foods and nutrients. Though using chewing gum as a weight loss tool may help appetite reduction, it may not decrease consumption of high calorie foods.
机译：进食前嚼口香糖可能会降低食欲，并改变短期和长期食物选择。一种机制可能是减少获取食物的动力，将其作为增强价值加以实施。食物的增值是通过人们努力工作以获得食物的方式来衡量的。第一项研究的目的是检验口香糖会降低食品的增强价值的假设。一项后续研究检验了以下假设：摄入前咀嚼口香糖会减少野外的总卡路里消耗。在第一个研究中，要求参与者在玩游戏之前先嚼薄荷口香糖，水果口香糖或不口香糖15分钟，以赚取食物积分。然后，参与者参加了一场食品增强游戏，他们可以赢得部分“健康”食物（橘子或葡萄）和部分“零食”食物（M＆M或土豆片）。在参与者获得所需食物的积分后，他们被指示要在实验室中消费任意数量的食物。参与者还对口香糖在口香糖之前和之后以及进食前后的饥饿程度和喜欢程度进行了评估。在研究2中，受试者被要求在每次进食前都要咀嚼口香糖，同时要保持严格的食物日记，并在不吃口香糖的同时保持严格的食物日记。对于口香糖干预，参与者在记录摄入量的同时咀嚼了“减肥”口香糖Nutratrim口香糖一周，Eclipse口香糖一周，而没有口香糖一周。研究1的结果表明，与无胶相比，薄荷胶可减少健康食品的消费量和对健康食品的喜好，并且薄荷糖和水果胶均可降低报告的饥饿水平。尽管对饥饿感有影响，但两种口香糖都不能减少高卡路里休闲食品的消费，也不会影响所消费的总卡路里。在第二项研究中，未观察到对每日卡路里的显着影响，但是，在口香糖周期间，每餐卡路里的增加和用餐次数的减少被发现。此外，在无口香糖周期间，参与者的平均营养充足率（MAR）显着提高，表明在该周中满足了他们更多的营养需求。尽管使用了特殊的减肥胶，但每次干预后体重均无明显差异。这些研究表明，使用口香糖作为饮食工具可能有害，因为它对卡路里的消耗没有显着影响，并且会减少健康食品和营养物质的消耗。尽管使用口香糖作为减肥工具可以帮助减少食欲，但可能不会减少高卡路里食物的消耗。

著录项

  • 作者

    Swoboda, Christine.;

  • 作者单位

    State University of New York at Buffalo.;

  • 授予单位 State University of New York at Buffalo.;
  • 学科 Health Sciences Nutrition.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2012
  • 页码 98 p.
  • 总页数 98
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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