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首页> 外文学位 >Discriminants and Detectors: Seismological Studies of Tsunami Earthquakes and Hurricane Microseisms.
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Discriminants and Detectors: Seismological Studies of Tsunami Earthquakes and Hurricane Microseisms.

机译：判别和检测器：海啸地震和飓风微地震的地震学研究。

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摘要

High energy natural hazards have potential to cause great damage and significant loss of life, but understanding of many lags behind what is required to mitigate their impacts. Of specific concern here are the estimation of tsunami hazard in the eastern Mediterranean; the more timely identification of tsunami earthquakes; and the use of microseisms to identify “missing” hurricanes, thus augmenting the traditional—but short, incomplete, and biased—observational hurricane record. Earthquake energy estimation and time- and frequency-domain time-series analyses applied to an array of historical analog and modern digital seismological data are used to address these problems.;Improved estimations of the location, depth, moment magnitude, and focal mechanism of four of the largest Hellenic Arc earthquakes in the last century help to better understand seismic hazard there. Seismological reassessments combined with hydrodynamic simulations show that the tsunamis associated with two of them were not triggered by the earthquakes themselves but instead involved submarine slumping.;Moments and estimates of radiated energy from 67 earthquakes taking place in the last twenty years in oceanic environments and recorded at regional and teleseismic distances are used to develop an empirical correction to the robust tsunami earthquake discriminant Theta. This extends its applicability to regional distances, thereby allowing earlier discrimination of tsunami earthquakes.;Microseisms, which result from the interaction of ocean swell generated by energetic storms, are shown here to carry information about parent hurricanes and under favorable conditions can be used to detect them. Power variations of microseisms recorded at the Harvard, Massachusetts seismic station demonstrate that Saffir-Simpson category 5 hurricane Andrew (1992) can be identified when it is ∼2,000 km from the station and still at sea. Applied to an expanded data set of 66 hurricanes between 1992 and 2007 with Saffir-Simpson categories ranging from 2 to 5, microseism power and frequency content analyses indicate that some additional energetic hurricanes can be detected. However, because these methods detect even the most intense hurricanes inconsistently and do not reject non-hurricane storms, a robust detection methodology cannot be based on them alone. These methods do have the potential to improve understanding of the microseism wavefield in general.
机译：高能自然灾害有可能造成巨大损失和重大生命损失，但是对许多认识的落后于减轻其影响所需的条件。这里特别值得关注的是对地中海东部海啸危害的估计；更及时地识别海啸地震；以及使用微震识别“缺失”飓风，从而扩大了传统的但短暂，不完整和有偏见的观测飓风记录。地震能量估计以及应用于一系列历史模拟和现代数字地震数据的时域和频域时间序列分析用于解决这些问题;改进了对四个位置，深度，矩量和震源机制的估计上个世纪最大的希腊弧地震有助于更好地了解那里的地震危险。地震学重新评估与流体动力学模拟相结合表明，与其中两个海啸有关的海啸不是由地震本身触发的，而是涉及海底坍落度;;过去二十年来在海洋环境中发生的67次地震的辐射能矩和估算值，并记录在案使用区域和远震距离的距离来发展对强海啸地震判别Theta的经验校正。这将其适用范围扩展到区域距离，从而可以更早地区分海啸地震。;此处显示了高能风暴产生的海浪相互作用引起的微地震，可以携带有关母飓风的信息，并且可以在有利条件下用于检测他们。在马萨诸塞州哈佛地震台站记录的微震功率变化表明，当Saffir-Simpson 5级飓风安德鲁（1992）距台站约2,000公里且仍在海上时，可以识别出来。应用于1992年至2007年的66个飓风的扩展数据集，Saffir-Simpson类别从2到5，微震功率和频率含量分析表明，可以检测到一些其他的高能飓风。但是，由于这些方法甚至无法一致地检测到最强烈的飓风，并且不能拒绝非飓风风暴，因此，可靠的检测方法不能仅基于它们。这些方法确实有可能提高对微震波场的理解。

著录项

  • 作者

    Ebeling, Carl W.;

  • 作者单位

    Northwestern University.;

  • 授予单位 Northwestern University.;
  • 学科 Geology.;Geophysics.;Plate Tectonics.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2012
  • 页码 238 p.
  • 总页数 238
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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