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首页> 外文学位 >The roles of organizational demography and social capital in differential labor market outcomes realized by workers who are demographically different.
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The roles of organizational demography and social capital in differential labor market outcomes realized by workers who are demographically different.

机译：在人口结构不同的工人身上，组织人口统计学和社会资本在不同的劳动力市场成果中的作用。

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摘要

This research combines organizational demography and social capital to explain conditions that may cause demographically different workers to generate performance and household incomes that are different from those of whites, when all workers are equally qualified. The demography study uses simulation to model interactions within one network, showing how structures influence knowledge attained. The social capital study uses a national survey, showing effects of education, diverse contact networks, and trust on household incomes.;Pfeffer's (1983) organizational demography paradigm provides theoretical foundation for the simulation. Pfeffer defines demography as a compositional property of social entities explaining a variety of outcomes, including performance, relationships, transaction patterns, and cohort identity. This study explores a demographic dimension not previously tested---race composition. Simulation allows specification of group size and members' entry times. Race composition, group size, and entry time are usually accepted as given by investigators conducting field research.;Simulation results show size is important. When new entrants are present, large groups attain greater knowledge than small groups. This result is influenced by the number of exchange partners available. Over time, the number of ties to other group members affects attained knowledge more than status as a new entrant or demographically different group member.;Lin (2001) defines social capital as investment in social relations with expected returns in the marketplace. He suggests social capital can be leveraged to benefit individuals or collective groups. Differential outcomes result from capital deficits, return deficits, or both. Social capital is embedded in social networks, and accessible through direct or indirect ties to others. This study uses the national sample from Putnam's civic engagement study.;Survey findings show that blacks and Hispanics experience both capital and return deficits. Before considering human capital or social capital, whites have higher household incomes than blacks or Hispanics. Maintaining ties to elite others is beneficial for all three racial groups, while maintaining ties to non-elite others is detrimental to whites only. Only whites experience negative effects of trusting coworkers, but this disadvantage does not eliminate differential household incomes between the groups. Maintaining diverse ethnic ties is beneficial for whites, but not to others.
机译：这项研究结合了组织的人口统计学和社会资本，以解释可能导致人口统计学差异的工人在所有工人都具有同等资格的情况下产生与白人不同的绩效和家庭收入。人口统计学研究使用模拟对一个网络内的交互进行建模，显示结构如何影响所获得的知识。社会资本研究使用了一项全国性调查，显示了教育，多样化的联系网络和信任对家庭收入的影响。； Pfeffer（1983）的组织人口统计学范式为模拟提供了理论基础。 Pfeffer将人口统计学定义为社会实体的组成属性，解释了各种结果，包括绩效，人际关系，交易方式和同类人群。这项研究探讨了先前未测试过的人口维度-种族组成。模拟允许指定组的大小和成员的进入时间。种族组成，团体人数和进入时间通常是由进行实地研究的调查人员所接受的；模拟结果表明，人数很重要。当有新进入者出现时，大型团体比小型团体获得更多的知识。该结果受可用交换伙伴数量的影响。随着时间的流逝，与其他团体成员的联系数量对获得的知识的影响比对新进入者或人口统计学上不同的团体成员的地位影响更大。； Lin（2001年）将社会资本定义为对社会关系的投资，具有预期的市场回报。他建议可以利用社会资本使个人或集体团体受益。不同的结果是由资本赤字，回报赤字或两者兼而有之。社会资本嵌入在社交网络中，可以通过与他人的直接或间接联系来访问。这项研究使用的是普特南公民参与研究的全国样本。调查结果表明，黑人和西班牙裔同时经历了资本赤字和收益赤字。在考虑人力资本或社会资本之前，白人的家庭收入要高于黑人或西班牙裔美国人。保持与精英人士的联系对所有三个种族群体都是有益的，而与非精英人士的联系则仅对白人有害。只有白人会遇到信任同事的负面影响，但是这种劣势并不能消除群体之间家庭收入的差异。保持多样化的种族联系对白人有利，但对其他人则无益。

著录项

  • 作者

    Hunter-Rainey, Sharron D.;

  • 作者单位

    Duke University.;

  • 授予单位 Duke University.;
  • 学科 Business Administration Management.;Sociology Demography.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2004
  • 页码 130 p.
  • 总页数 130
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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