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首页> 外文学位 >Relationships among nutritional regimen, metabolic disorders, reproduction, and production in dairy cows during the transition period.
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Relationships among nutritional regimen, metabolic disorders, reproduction, and production in dairy cows during the transition period.

机译：过渡期内奶牛的营养方案，代谢紊乱，繁殖和生产之间的关系。

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摘要

Negative energy balance (NEB) during the first weeks postpartum is associated with infertility in dairy cows. A meta-analysis approach was used to investigate the association between prepartum energy feeding regimen, productive parameters, health, and reproductive performance. Days to conception (DTC) was used as the dependent variable to assess reproductive performance. The database was developed from 7 experiments completed in our group from 1993 to 2010. Individual data for 408 cows (354 multiparous and 54 primiparous) were included in the analysis. The net energy for lactation (NEL) intake was determined from each cow's average dry matter intake (DMI) and calculated dietary NE L density. Treatments were applied prepartum and were classified as either controlled energy (CE) or high energy (DMI) diets fed during the far-off (FO) or close-up (CU) dry periods. Cow was the experimental unit. All analyses were carried out using SAS 9.2 (SAS Institute, Inc.). The Cox proportional hazard model revealed a significant difference in DTC between HE and CE during the CU period (median = 167 and 157 d; hazard ratio (HR) = 0.696). Cows fed HE diets during the last 4 wk prepartum lost more body condition score (BCS) in the first 6 wk postpartum than those fed CE (--0.43 and --0.30, respectively). Cows with 3 or more lactations lost more BCS than cows with one or two lactations (--0.42 and --0.33, respectively). Cows fed CE during the FO period had lower nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations in wk 1, 2, and 3 of lactation compared with cows fed HE. Higher NEFA concentration in wk 1 postpartum was associated with a greater probability of diseases (n = 251; OR = 1.176). Cows on the CE regimen during the FO period had greater plasma glucose concentrations during wk 1 and 3 after calving than cows fed the HE regimen. Higher plasma glucose (HG) concentration compared with lower glucose (LG) in wk 3 (HG, n = 154; LG, n = 206) and wk 4 (HG, n = 71; LG, n = 254) after calving was associated with greater HR for DTC (wk 3: median = 151 and 171 d for HG and LG, HR = 1.334; wk 4: median = 148 and 167 d, HR = 1.394). In the first 2 wk after calving, cows that received HE in the FO period had higher concentrations of total lipids and triglyceride and greater ratio of triglyceride to glycogen in liver than did CE.;There was no statistical difference for milk production in the first 4 wk postpartum between cows fed CE or HE prepartum. Cows fed HE during CU had greater milk fat concentration than cows fed CE on wk 2, 3, and 4. Cows fed HE during CU had higher protein concentration during wk 3 and 4 then cows fed CE. Cows that were fed HE during CU lost more body weight (BW) either as absolute value (kg) or as percentage loss during the first 6 wk postpartum (38.5 vs 19.7 kg, SEM 8.9, P = 0.01 and 5.6 vs 2.9 %, SEM 1.2, respectively). In addition, cows that were fed HE during the dry period had more odds of experiencing displaced abomasum or ketosis when compared to cows that received CE.;Lastly, principal component (PC) analysis was conducted on 8 variables: glucose wk 3 (GLU3), glucose wk 4 (GLU4 ), beta-hydroxybutyrate wk 1 (BHBA1), insulin wk 2 (INS2), nonesterified fatty acids wk --1 (NEFA-1), energy-corrected milk wk 4 (ECM4), fat corrected milk wk 4 (FCM4), and milk urea nitrogen wk 5 (MUN5). For linear regression analysis from PC, animals were classified in two groups based on first and fourth quartile values for DTC as high (slow; ≥ 174 d) or low (fast; < 87 d). Overall, prepartum nutrition was shown to have great impact on metabolic, production, and reproductive parameters of dairy cattle. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
机译：产后头几周的负能量平衡（NEB）与奶牛的不孕症有关。荟萃分析方法用于研究产前能量喂养方案，生产参数，健康状况和生殖性能之间的关联。受孕天数（DTC）用作评估生殖能力的因变量。该数据库是根据我们小组从1993年至2010年完成的7项实验开发的。分析中包括408头母牛（354头多胎和54头初皮）的个体数据。泌乳净能量（NEL）的摄入量是根据每头母牛的平均干物质摄入量（DMI）和计算的日粮NE L密度确定的。治疗是在产前进行的，分为在远处（FO）或近处（CU）干旱时期喂食的受控能量（CE）或高能量（DMI）日粮。牛是实验单位。所有分析均使用SAS 9.2（SAS Institute，Inc。）进行。 Cox比例风险模型显示，在CU期间，HE和CE之间的DTC有显着差异（中位数= 167和157 d；风险比（HR）= 0.696）。在产后前4周内，喂食高脂饮食的母牛在产后前6周内比喂食CE的母牛损失的体况评分（BCS）多（分别为--0.43和--0.30）。哺乳期3次或以上的母牛比哺乳期1或2次的母牛损失的BCS多（分别为--0.42和--0.33）。与饲喂HE的母牛相比，在FO期饲喂CE的母牛在哺乳期第1、2和3周的非酯化脂肪酸（NEFA）浓度较低。产后第1周NEFA浓度越高，患病的可能性越大（n = 251； OR = 1.176）。在产犊后第1周和第3周期间，接受CE方案的母牛的血浆葡萄糖浓度要比喂养HE方案的母牛更高。产犊后wk 3（HG，n = 154; LG，n = 206）和wk 4（HG，n = 71; LG，n = 254）中血浆葡萄糖（HG）浓度较高，而血糖（LG）较低DTC的心率较高（wk 3：HG和LG的中位数= 151和171 d，HR = 1.334; wk 4：中位数= 148和167 d，HR = 1.394）。产犊后的前2周，在FO期接受HE的奶牛的总脂质和甘油三酸酯浓度较高，肝脏中的甘油三酸酯与糖原比例更高，而CE则没有统计学差异。喂产CE或HE产前母牛之间的产后。在第2周，第3周和第4周，在CU期间饲喂HE的母牛比在CE饲喂的母牛具有更高的牛奶脂肪浓度，而在第3周和第4周，与在饲喂CE的母牛相比，在CU期间饲喂HE的母牛蛋白质含量更高。在产后CU喂养HE的奶牛在产后前6周的绝对值（kg）或百分比减少的体重（BW）有所增加（38.5 vs 19.7 kg，SEM 8.9，P = 0.01和5.6 vs 2.9％，SEM） 1.2）。此外，与接受CE的奶牛相比，在干旱期间饲喂HE的奶牛发生移位的厌恶或酮病的几率更大。最后，对8个变量进行了主成分（PC）分析：葡萄糖wk 3（GLU3） ，葡萄糖wk 4（GLU4），β-羟基丁酸酯wk 1（BHBA1），胰岛素wk 2（INS2），非酯化脂肪酸wk -1（NEFA-1），能量校正奶wk 4（ECM4），脂肪校正奶wk 4（FCM4）和牛奶尿素氮wk 5（MUN5）。为了从PC进行线性回归分析，根据DTC的第一和第四四分位数将动物分为高（慢）（≥174 d）或低（快； <87 d）两类。总体而言，产前营养对奶牛的代谢，生产和生殖参数有很大影响。 （摘要由UMI缩短。）。

著录项

  • 作者

    Cardoso, Felipe.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.;

  • 授予单位 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.;
  • 学科 Agriculture Animal Culture and Nutrition.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2012
  • 页码 123 p.
  • 总页数 123
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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