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La construction sociale du statut juridique de l'eau: le cas du Quebec et du Mexique.

机译：水法律地位的社会建构：魁北克和墨西哥的案例。

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摘要

Water has been considered for a long time as a common good not susceptible to appropriation and accessible to all. Nowadays, however, in front of the uneven distribution of water on the planet, the constant increase of the population and the increase of water uses which pulls the overexploitation and the pollution of water resources, water takes a new value. Indeed, it becomes more and more a strategic, political and commercial issue. Consequently, the redefining of legal status of water becomes an important object of debate. This is above all a rhetoric debate and an ideological "battle" between groups who support different approaches. Indeed, these ideologies are the fruit of different speeches conceived by social actors who have contrary interests and ideologies and that aim at having the monopoly of the new reality and creating the new law.;There are two important approaches which are in confrontation. The first one, conceive water as an economic good, and considers that to avoid problems of wasting and pollution, water must be subjected to the laws of supply and demand. The second conceive water as a common good and supports that the value of a resource so vital as water cannot be established by the laws of the market, because this alternative does not allow to assure access to water to the most deprived of the society. This approach advocates the recognition of water as a human right.;Our thesis aims at finding how the choice of the legal status of water is made in Quebec and in Mexico. This question will be treated according to a constructivist perspective according to which the legal status of water would be a "constructed" reality and, thus, the new law would be the result of fights, oppositions and also, compromises between the involved social actors.;Our analysis covers Quebec and Mexico. In fact, those are territories economically integrated by NAFTA where we observe important variations in terms of resources, uses and consumption of water. In Quebec, we analyze the representations of different actors during the Consultation on Water Management held in 1999, and more particularly the speeches concerning the status of water, the privatization of water services and the bulk water exports. In Mexico, we analyze the representations of social actors surrounding the adoption of the National Water Law of 1992, and more particularly the questions concerning the symbolism of water. Now, we found that the result of these constructions within these territories is completely different. In Quebec, the status of water as a common good has been confirmed, whereas in Mexico, it is rather the symbolism of water as an economic good which was adopted in the new Mexican legislation.;Keywords : Constructivism, Social Construction, Water Law, Environment, Management of Water Resources in Mexico, Management of Water Resources in Quebec, Water status, Common good, Economic good, Water exports.
机译：长期以来，人们一直将水视为一种公共物品，不易挪用，所有人都无法使用。然而，如今，在地球上水的分配不均，人口的不断增加和用水量的增加（导致过度开发和水资源污染）面前，水有了新的价值。确实，这已越来越成为一个战略，政治和商业问题。因此，重新定义水的法律地位成为辩论的重要对象。这首先是支持不同方法的团体之间的激烈辩论和意识形态的“战斗”。的确，这些意识形态是社会行动者构想出的不同演说的结果，这些演说者具有相反的利益和意识形态，其目的是垄断新现实并制定新法律。；有两种重要的对峙方式。第一个是将水视为一种经济商品，并认为为了避免浪费和污染的问题，水必须遵守供求规律。第二个概念将水视为一种公共物品，并支持市场法则无法确立像水这样至关重要的资源的价值，因为这种替代方法无法确保社会上最贫穷的人获得水。这种方法提倡承认水是一项人权。我们的论文旨在寻找在魁北克和墨西哥如何选择水的法律地位。将根据建构主义的观点来对待这个问题，在这种观点下，水的法律地位将是一种“虚构的”现实，因此，新法律将是斗争，反对以及参与的社会参与者之间妥协的结果。 ；我们的分析涵盖魁北克和墨西哥。实际上，这些地区是北美自由贸易协定（NAFTA）在经济上整合在一起的地区，在这些地区我们观察到水资源，用水和用水方面的重大变化。在魁北克，我们分析了1999年举行的水资源管理磋商会中不同参与者的代表，尤其是有关水的状况，供水服务私有化和大量水出口的演讲。在墨西哥，我们分析了围绕1992年《国家水法》通过的社会行为者的表现形式，尤其是有关水的象征意义的问题。现在，我们发现这些领土内这些建筑的结果完全不同。在魁北克，已经确认了水是一种公共物品的地位，而在墨西哥，这恰恰是新墨西哥立法中采用的水作为一种经济物品的象征意义;关键词：建构主义，社会建设，水法，环境，墨西哥的水资源管理，魁北克的水资源管理，水的状况，共同利益，经济利益，水出口。

著录项

  • 作者

    Vega Cardenas, Yenny.;

  • 作者单位

    Universite de Montreal (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 Universite de Montreal (Canada).;
  • 学科 Law.;Water Resource Management.
  • 学位 LL.D.
  • 年度 2012
  • 页码 429 p.
  • 总页数 429
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 肿瘤学;
  • 关键词

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