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Skeletal Muscle Protein Metabolism and Molecular Responses to Endurance Exercise and Nutritional Interventions.

机译：骨骼肌蛋白代谢以及对耐力运动和营养干预的分子反应。

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It has been suggested that the gradual loss of muscle mass observed with healthy aging is the result of a resistance of aged muscle tissue to normally potent anabolic stimuli. Recent evidence indicates an age-related anabolic resistance in skeletal muscle tissue to exogenous amino acids and to a wide range of resistance exercise intensities. In addition, aging is associated with adaptations within the vascular system that may adversely affect blood flow, thereby potentially impacting amino acid delivery, exchange and utilization. Endurance-type exercises have been shown to elicit significant increases in muscle blood flow and stimulate muscle protein synthesis; however, it is not known whether age-related anabolic resistance occurs in response to endurance exercise. These studies were designed and implemented to determine whether endurance exercise and amino acid supplementation independently and synergistically contribute to the stimulation of skeletal muscle protein synthesis. Stable isotopic techniques (i.e. arteriovenous balance measurements and tracer incorporation), macro- (indocyanine green dye dilution and Doppler) and microvascular (contrast-enhanced ultrasound and microdialysis) techniques, immunoblotting, and hormone assays were used to examine skeletal muscle metabolism, leg blood flow and skeletal muscle perfusion, and intracellular signaling events associated with translational control of muscle protein accretion. The principal findings are that acute endurance exercise increases amino acid exchange stimulating muscle protein synthesis without an age-related resistance to the anabolic effects of exogenous amino acids during exercise. This is contradictory to the situation following endurance-type exercise; when older adults exhibit anabolic resistance to exogenous amino acids. It is important to note that this age-related anabolic resistance did not manifest into an overall decrement in net protein balance. The molecular events underlying these changes are marked by increases in the activation of proteins involved in muscle hypertrophy signaling, and decreases in muscle atrophy signaling. Lastly, daily leucine supplementation enhances the anabolic stimulus of a mixed nutrient meal in older adults. Taken together, these results suggest that endurance exercise and amino acids, specifically leucine, are effective interventional strategies that may be used to stimulate muscle protein anabolism in older adults to ameliorate or prevent muscle loss.

机译：已经提出，在健康的衰老中观察到的肌肉质量逐渐丧失是衰老的肌肉组织对正常有效的合成代谢刺激产生抵抗力的结果。最近的证据表明骨骼肌组织中对外源氨基酸和多种抵抗运动强度的年龄相关合成代谢抵抗。另外，衰老与血管系统内的适应有关，这可能不利地影响血流，从而潜在地影响氨基酸的递送，交换和利用。耐力型运动已证明可引起肌肉血流量的显着增加并刺激肌肉蛋白质的合成。然而，尚不知道耐力运动是否会引起与年龄有关的合成代谢抵抗。这些研究的设计和实施是为了确定耐力运动和氨基酸补充是否独立且协同地有助于骨骼肌蛋白质合成的刺激。稳定的同位素技术（即动静脉平衡测量和示踪剂掺入），大分子（吲哚菁绿色染料稀释和多普勒）和微血管（对比超声和微透析）技术，免疫印迹和激素测定法用于检查骨骼肌代谢，腿血流动和骨骼肌灌注，以及与翻译控制肌肉蛋白积聚相关的细胞内信号事件。主要发现是，急性耐力运动增加了氨基酸交换，从而刺激了肌肉蛋白质的合成，而在运动过程中没有与年龄相关的对外源氨基酸合成代谢作用的抵抗力。这与耐力型运动后的情况相矛盾；当老年人表现出对外源氨基酸的合成代谢抗性时。重要的是要注意，这种与年龄相关的合成代谢抵抗力并未显示出净蛋白质平衡的总体下降。这些变化背后的分子事件以参与肌肉肥大信号的蛋白质激活的增加和肌肉萎缩信号的减少为标志。最后，每天补充亮氨酸可增强老年人混合营养餐的合成代谢刺激。综上所述，这些结果表明，耐力运动和氨基酸（特别是亮氨酸）是有效的干预策略，可用于刺激老年人的肌肉蛋白合成代谢以改善或预防肌肉丢失。

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作者
Casperson, Shanon Loree.;
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作者单位

The University of Texas Medical Branch Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences.;

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授予单位 The University of Texas Medical Branch Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences.;
学科 Biology Physiology.;Health Sciences Nutrition.;Health Sciences Recreation.;Biology Molecular.
学位 Ph.D.
年度 2012
页码 135 p.
总页数 135
原文格式 PDF
正文语种 eng
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4. A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF SKELETAL MUSCLE METABOLISM. SIMULATIONS OF EXERCISE RESPONSES AFTER SPACE TRAVEL AND ENDURANCE TRAINING [C] . Marco E. Cabrera, John A. DiBella II, Gerald M. Saidel, 55th International Astronautical Congress 2004 vol.2 . 2004

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Skeletal Muscle Protein Metabolism and Molecular Responses to Endurance Exercise and Nutritional Interventions.

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