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Early nutrition affects intestinal development and immune response in the neonatal piglet.

机译：早期营养会影响新生仔猪的肠道发育和免疫反应。

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摘要

We aim to investigate the effects of early life events on neonatal intestinal, microbial, and immune development. Our first aim was to investigate the effect of route of delivery on microbial development and intestinal structure and function. Neonatal piglets were delivered either vaginally (VD) or by cesarean (CD) sow-reared for 21 days and then moved to cages and fed a weaning diet until d28. Samples were collected at d3, d14, d21 and d28 to examine effects of time. Mode of delivery did not affect digestive enzyme activity. Lactase and sucrase enzyme activities were measured. Lactase activity was variable over time (P<0.05), and sucrase activity increased over time (p<0.05). Both of these results were not unusual and reflect normal development in the piglet. Intestinal permeability was measured using the Ussing chamber. Route of delivery affect some of these parameters. CD piglets had greater glucose and glutamine transport at d14 compared to VD piglets. VD piglets also had increased jejunal basal Isc compared to CD piglets at all time points. In both the ileum and duodenum, 28-d-old piglets showed significant electrophysiological changes when compared to other time points, which s may be related to weaning. Resistance was increased at d28 in the duodenum compared to all other days, signaling that tight junction permeability was decreased. Intestinal histomorphology, villus height and crypt depth were evaluated and both day and mode of delivery had an effect, with VD piglets having longer villi than CD piglets and villi being longer at d14 than any other time point. Although, there were no significant differences in weight gain over time between the two groups, a slight separation in growth started to occur at d14 with the CD piglets slowing their rate of weight gain compared to VD piglets. These two results, in addition to the increased glucose and glutamine transport at d14, may be connected.;The second aim of this dissertation focused on the effect of route of delivery and diet on intestinal function and immunity. Piglets were born either vaginally or through cesarean section and were fed one of three diets: formula, formula+prebiotic, or sow milk. The prebiotics chosen were polydextrose and scFOS (2g/L of each). The study duration was 14 days with a collection time point at d7 and d14. Dissacharidase and peptidase enzymes were examined in jejunal and ileal tissues. In the jejunum, neither day nor diet had an effect on lactase activity, but day had an effect on sucrase activity with d14 piglets having higher sucrase activity than d7. In the ileum, both day (p<0.0001) and diet (p<0.0001) had an effect on lactase activity with formula fed (FF) piglets having highest lactase activity followed by formula+prebiotic (FP) piglets, and then sow reared (SR). Lactase activity was also higher at d14 than d7. Ileal sucrase activity was also impacted by both day (p<0.0001) and diet (p<0.0001) with FF piglets having higher sucrase activity than both FP and SR piglets and activity was higher at d14 compared to d7. Aminopeptidase N (APN) was measured in both jejunum and ileum, and Dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPPIV) was measured in jejunum and ileum, as well as serum. In the jejunum, both day (p=0.0023) and diet (p=0.0003) were significant, with d7 piglets having higher APN activity than d14. Both FF and FP piglets had higher APN activity compared to SR. In ileum, APN also had both day (p=0.047) and diet (p<0.0001) effects with FF piglets having significantly higher activity than FP and SR. Jejunal DPPIV showed effects of diet (p<0.0001) with FF piglets having higher activity than FP and SR. In ileum, both diet (p<0.0001) and day (p=0.0182) had effects with FF piglets having higher activity than FP and SR. There were no significant effects in blood.;The final aim of this dissertation focused on the effects of combined feeding and prebiotics on immune response and the colonic transcriptome. We developed a novel piglet model to investigate these effects. Newborn piglets were randomized into 5 groups: sow-reared (SR), formula fed (FF), formula+prebiotic (FP), combined fed (CF), and combined fed +prebiotic (CP) (n=6 per group). SR remained with the sow 24h/day and FF/FP were fed a sow milk replacer with or without prebiotics (GOS and Inulin; 2g/L each). CF/CP piglets were sow-reared for 5d and were then rotated between the sow and respective formula feeding group every 12h. On d21, piglets were intraperitoneally injected with 10ug/kg body weight of LPS. Four hours after infection, blood, mesenteric lymph node (MLN), spleen (SPL), and AC were collected and analysis performed.;(Abstract shortened by UMI.).
机译：我们旨在调查早期生命事件对新生儿肠道，微生物和免疫发育的影响。我们的首要目标是研究输送途径对微生物发育以及肠道结构和功能的影响。将新生仔猪经阴道（VD）或剖宫产（CD）母猪饲养21天，然后移入笼子并喂养断奶饲料直至d28。在d3，d14，d21和d28收集样品以检查时间的影响。分娩方式不影响消化酶活性。测定了乳糖酶和蔗糖酶的活性。乳糖酶活性随时间变化（P <0.05），而蔗糖酶活性随时间增加（p <0.05）。这些结果都不是异常，反映了仔猪的正常发育。肠通透性使用Ussing室测量。运送路线会影响其中一些参数。与VD仔猪相比，CD仔猪在d14时具有更高的葡萄糖和谷氨酰胺转运。与CD仔猪相比，VD仔猪在所有时间点的空肠基础Isc均增加。在回肠和十二指肠中，与其他时间点相比，28日龄仔猪表现出明显的电生理变化，这可能与断奶有关。与其他所有天相比，十二指肠中第28天的抵抗力增加，这表明紧密连接渗透性降低。评估了肠道组织形态，绒毛高度和隐窝深度，并且分娩的天数和方式都有影响，VD仔猪的绒毛比CD仔猪长，而d14的绒毛比其他任何时间点长。尽管两组之间随着时间的推移体重增加没有显着差异，但与VD仔猪相比，在第14天CD仔猪开始出现生长的轻微分离，减慢了它们的体重增加速度。除在d14时葡萄糖和谷氨酰胺转运增加外，这两个结果可能是相关的。本论文的第二个目的集中在分娩途径和饮食对肠道功能和免疫力的影响上。仔猪是通过阴道或剖宫产出生的，并饲喂以下三种饮食之一：配方奶，配方奶+益生元或母乳。选择的益生元是聚葡萄糖和scFOS（每种2g / L）。研究时间为14天，收集时间分别为d7和d14。在空肠和回肠组织中检查去甲糖苷酶和肽酶。在空肠中，日粮和日粮都不会对乳糖酶活性产生影响，但是日粮对蔗糖酶活性没有影响，d14仔猪的蔗糖酶活性高于d7。在回肠中，日（p <0.0001）和日粮（p <0.0001）均对乳糖酶活性有影响，配方奶（FF）的仔猪乳糖酶活性最高，其次是配方奶+益生元（FP）的仔猪，然后进行母猪饲养（ SR）。 d14时的乳糖酶活性也高于d7。回肠蔗糖酶活性也受到日间（p <0.0001）和日粮（p <0.0001）的影响，FF仔猪的蔗糖酶活性高于FP仔猪和SR仔猪，并且在第14天的活性高于第7天。在空肠和回肠中均测定了氨肽酶N（APN），并且在空肠和回肠中以及血清中均测定了二肽基肽酶IV（DPPIV）。在空肠中，每天（p = 0.0023）和日粮（p = 0.0003）均显着，d7仔猪的APN活性高于d14。与SR相比，FF和FP仔猪均具有更高的APN活性。在回肠中，APN还具有日粮（p = 0.047）和日粮（p <0.0001）的作用，FF仔猪的活性明显高于FP和SR。空肠DPPIV对具有比FP和SR活性更高的FF仔猪显示了日粮的影响（p <0.0001）。在回肠中，日粮（p <0.0001）和日粮（p = 0.0182）对FF仔猪的活性均高于FP和SR。在血液中没有显着影响。;本论文的最终目的集中在联合喂养和益生元对免疫应答和结肠转录组的影响。我们开发了一种新颖的仔猪模型来研究这些影响。将新生仔猪随机分为5组：母猪饲养（SR），配方饲料（FF），配方奶+益生元（FP），联合饲喂（CF）和联合饲喂+益生元（CP）（每组n = 6）。母猪每天24小时仍保持SR状态，FF / FP饲喂有或没有益生元（GOS和菊粉；每种2g / L）的母乳代用品。将CF / CP仔猪播种5天，然后每12h在母猪和配方奶喂养组之间轮换一次。在第21天，给小猪腹膜内注射10ug / kg体重的LPS。感染后四个小时，收集血液，肠系膜淋巴结（MLN），脾脏（SPL）和AC，并进行分析。

著录项

  • 作者

    Radlowski, Emily.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.;

  • 授予单位 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.;
  • 学科 Nutrition.;Developmental biology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2012
  • 页码 178 p.
  • 总页数 178
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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