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Effects of nanoparticles exposure in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis

机译：贻贝贻贝贻贝中纳米颗粒暴露的影响

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摘要

Nanotechnology is rapidly developing and attracting attention due to the exploitation of the novel materials at the nanoscale for application within biomedical, cosmetic, electronic, energy production and environmental sectors. Increased production and widespread use of these nanomaterials result in their release into the environment; nevertheless, the knowledge of their behaviour in aquatic systems is scarce. Accordingly, this thesis assessed the effects of two commercially available nanoparticles, copper oxide (CuO NPs) and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), using mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis as bioindicators. To understand the uptake, accumulation and effects of these NPs, mussels were exposed to a realistic environmental concentration of 10 !g.L-1 of CuO (31 +/- 10 nm) and Ag NPs (<100 nm) for 15 days, comparative to their ionic counterparts. NPs were characterized and biomarkers of oxidative stress, metal exposure, genotoxicity and neurotoxicity evaluated in mussel tissues. To identify pathways of NP exposure and detect new biomarkers, a proteomic approach was undertaken. Oxidative stress is the major NP-induced toxicity, but with distinct modes of action. Gills are more susceptible to oxidative stress while the digestive gland is the preferential site for NPs accumulation. The oxidative (enzymatic activation/inhibition, metallothionein induction and lipid peroxidation), genotoxic (DNA strand breaks) and neurotoxic (acetylcholinesterase inhibition) changes suggest that NPs toxicity is associated with ROS that induced a cascade of pathways (via nucleus and mitochondria) that ultimately lead to apoptosis but by different mechanisms. New biomarkers candidates were identified: caspase 3/7-1, cathepsin-L and zinc-finger protein for CuO NPs and precollagen-P, major vault protein and ras partial for Ag NPs exposure. Overall, these results show that even though oxidative stress and apoptosis are similar outcomes for NP toxicity, particle composition, size, solubility, aggregation and chemistry are key elements for determining their mode of action. This study contributed to understand the CuO and Ag NPs behaviour, bioavailability and toxicity in aquatic systems and their uptake and effects in filter-feeding organisms.
机译：纳米技术正在飞速发展，并受到人们的关注，这是由于在生物医学，化妆品，电子，能源生产和环境领域应用了纳米级的新型材料。这些纳米材料的增加的生产和广泛使用导致它们释放到环境中。然而，关于它们在水生系统中行为的知识却很少。因此，本论文使用贻贝Mytilus galloprovincialis作为生物指示剂，评估了两种可商购获得的纳米颗粒，氧化铜（CuO NPs）和银纳米颗粒（Ag NPs）的效果。为了了解这些NP的吸收，积累和影响，将贻贝暴露于实际浓度为10μgL-1的CuO（31 +/- 10 nm）和Ag NPs（<100 nm）的实际环境中15天，与他们的离子对应物。 NPs进行了表征，并在贻贝组织中评估了氧化应激，金属暴露，遗传毒性和神经毒性的生物标志物。为了鉴定NP暴露的途径并检测新的生物标记，进行了蛋白质组学方法。氧化应激是NP诱导的主要毒性，但具有不同的作用方式。 the更易受到氧化应激的影响，而消化腺则是NP积累的优先场所。氧化（酶促激活/抑制，金属硫蛋白诱导和脂质过氧化），遗传毒性（DNA链断裂）和神经毒性（乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制）的变化表明，NPs的毒性与ROS相关，后者引起了一系列途径（通过核和线粒体），最终导致凋亡，但机制不同。确定了新的生物标志物候选物：半胱天冬酶3 / 7-1，组织蛋白酶L和锌指蛋白（用于CuO NPs和胶原蛋白P），主要穹ault蛋白和ras部分（用于Ag NPs暴露）。总体而言，这些结果表明，尽管氧化应激和细胞凋亡是NP毒性的相似结果，但颗粒组成，大小，溶解度，聚集和化学性质是决定其作用方式的关键因素。这项研究有助于了解CuO和Ag NPs的行为，水生系统中的生物利用度和毒性以及它们在滤食性生物中的吸收和影响。

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  • 作者

    Gomes, T.;

  • 作者单位

    Universidade do Algarve (Portugal).;

  • 授予单位 Universidade do Algarve (Portugal).;
  • 学科 Toxicology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2012
  • 页码 337 p.
  • 总页数 337
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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