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Ontogenese et specificite de la voix humaine.

机译:人类声音的本体论和特异性。

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摘要

Voice is a very prominent auditory stimulus in our acoustic environment. It is not only the carrier of speech, but would also be an auditory face that conveys important affective and identity information. Our ability to discriminate and recognize voices is socially and biologically important as it is amongst the most important functions of the human auditory system. This thesis was interested in the ontogenesis and specificity of the cortical response to human voice and had three objectives: (1) to develop an electrophysiological protocol to objectively measure the processing of voice familiarity in adult subjects; (2) to assess whether the same electrophysiological protocol could also objectify preferential processing of a familiar voice in 24-hour-old newborns, in particular the mother’s voice; and (3) to test the robustness of an electrophysiological measure, more specifically the Fronto- Temporal Positivity to Voices, interested in pre-attentional discrimination between vocal and nonvocal stimuli. Results from these three experimental designs have enabled (1) to identify electrophysiological components (Mismatch Negativity and P3a) sensitive to the processing of voice familiarity; (2) to highlight a singular pattern of cortical activation to the mother’s voice in newborns, providing the first neurophysiological evidence of language acquisition, a process especially related to the mother-child interaction; and (3) to confirm that vocal/non-vocal discrimination is a pre-attentional process, while enhancing the selectivity and the specificity of voice processing cortical response.;Keywords : voice, familiarity, discrimination, timbre, electrophysiology, N1, MMN, FTPV, P3a, source analysis, newborns.
机译:在我们的声学环境中,语音是非常重要的听觉刺激。它不仅是语言的载体,而且还将成为传达重要情感和身份信息的听觉面孔。我们辨别和识别声音的能力在社会和生物学上都很重要,因为它是人类听觉系统最重要的功能之一。本论文对皮层对人声的反应的发生和特异性感兴趣,并具有三个目标:(1)制定一种电生理方案,以客观地测量成人受试者对声音的熟悉程度。 (2)评估相同的电生理方案是否也可以反对优先处理24小时新生儿中熟悉的声音,尤其是母亲的声音; (3)测试电生理学方法的鲁棒性,特别是对声音的额颞正正性,对声音和非声音刺激的注意力集中区分感兴趣。这三个实验设计的结果使(1)能够识别对语音熟悉处理敏感的电生理成分(失配负性和P3a); (2)强调新生儿母亲声音的皮质激活的奇异模式,提供了语言习得的第一个神经生理学证据,这一过程尤其与母子互动有关; (3)确认声音/非声音歧视是一个注意过程,同时增强了语音处理皮质反应的选择性和特异性。关键词:语音,熟悉度,歧视,音色,电生理,N1,MMN, FTPV,P3a,来源分析,新生儿。

著录项

  • 作者

    Beauchemin, Maude.;

  • 作者单位

    Universite de Montreal (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 Universite de Montreal (Canada).;
  • 学科 Psychology Psychobiology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2011
  • 页码 151 p.
  • 总页数 151
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 肿瘤学;
  • 关键词

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