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Natural history and evolution of a color polymorphism in Rana pipiens, the northern leopard frog.

机译：北方豹蛙林蛙的自然历史和颜色多态性的演变。

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摘要

A primary goal of population genetics is to identify the role of microevolutionary forces in producing observed patterns of molecular and phenotypic variation. I conducted four studies in the northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens , to determine just how mutation, migration, genetic drift, and selection influenced, genetic structure of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), nuclear DNA, and a single locus polymorphism that determines dorsal coloration. In the first study, I surveyed the literature concerning color and pattern polymorphisms in anurans. I conclude that anuran polymorphisms remain a rich but largely unexploited system for studying the evolution of phenotypic variation in nature.; In the second study, I compared mitochondrial DNA variation from 35 populations distributed across the species' range. A phylogenetic analysis indicated R. pipiens is split into two deeply divergent mtDNA groups, a western group and an eastern group. Phylogeographic and demographic analyses indicated that although restricted gene flow with isolation by distance explained the majority of the processes influencing current genetic structure, population bottlenecks and expansions also played an important role.; In the third study, I investigated mtDNA and microsatellite variation in Pacific Northwest populations of R. pipiens, where a recent range contraction had occurred. I found that peripheral populations had reduced levels of genetic variation compared to more interior populations. Moreover, I found that historic samples from peripheral population already had reduced levels of genetic variation. Therefore, low diversity in the remnant populations could not be ascribed to the recent range contraction.; In the fourth study, I compared genetic structure from a suite of putatively neutral molecular markers with that derived from the color polymorphism locus. Genetic structure at the color locus, assessed both spatially and temporally, was indistinguishable from structure at neutral loci. This study exemplifies the importance of investigating for evidence of selective maintenance before studies attempt to measure the selective mechanisms maintaining a polymorphism.; Overall, my research helps to elucidate how biogeographic and microevolutionary forces influence a wide-spread North American species, R. pipiens .
机译：人口遗传学的主要目标是确定微进化力在产生观察到的分子和表型变异模式中的作用。我对北方豹蛙 Rana pipiens 进行了四项研究，以确定突变，迁移，遗传漂移和选择如何影响线粒体DNA（mtDNA）的遗传结构，核DNA和单个决定背侧着色的基因座多态性。在第一项研究中，我调查了有关无脊椎动物颜色和图案多态性的文献。我的结论是，无性动物多态性仍然是研究自然表型变异演变的丰富但基本上未被利用的系统。在第二项研究中，我比较了该物种范围内35个种群的线粒体DNA变异。系统发育分析表明， pipiens 被分为两个高度不同的mtDNA组，一个是西方组，另一个是东方组。人口学和人口统计学分析表明，尽管有限的基因流动和远距离隔离解释了影响当前遗传结构的大多数过程，但种群瓶颈和扩展也发挥了重要作用。在第三项研究中，我调查了 R西北太平洋人口的mtDNA和微卫星变异。 pipiens ，最近发生了范围缩小。我发现外围人群的遗传变异水平低于更多内部人群。此外，我发现外围人群的历史样本已经降低了遗传变异水平。因此，残余种群的低多样性不能归因于最近的范围缩小。在第四项研究中，我比较了一组假定的中性分子标记的遗传结构与源自颜色多态性基因座的遗传结构。在空间和时间上评估的色基因座的遗传结构与中性位点的结构没有区别。这项研究例证了在研究试图测量维持多态性的选择性机制之前，调查选择性维持证据的重要性。总体而言，我的研究有助于阐明生物地理和微观进化力如何影响广泛分布的北美物种 R。 pipiens 。

著录项

  • 作者

    Hoffman, Eric Adam.;

  • 作者单位

    Oregon State University.;

  • 授予单位 Oregon State University.;
  • 学科 Biology Zoology.; Biology Ecology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2004
  • 页码 250 p.
  • 总页数 250
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 动物学;生态学（生物生态学）;
  • 关键词

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