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Situation Normal, All FAHQT Up: Language, Materiality & Machine Translation.

机译：正常，所有FAHQT正常运行：语言，重要性和机器翻译。

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摘要

The study of media, culture and communication has undergone a theoretical and methodological turn towards "materiality." The turn places emphasis on the physical forms and material channels of inscription and transmission, rather than the "disembodied" referents or contents of language. While language would seem to have been well accounted for in these materialist frameworks, it nevertheless sits uneasily within such discourses. This study engages this discordance by (1) tracing its conceptual history and (2) through a detailed symptomatic reading, the focus of which is software and systems developed for the automatic translation of natural languages: Machine Translation (MT).;The dissertation contains six chapters, the first three forming a theoretical framework focused on the concepts of materiality, translation and code, and the second three on an analysis of MT. Chapter One traces the deployments of 'materiality' and 'materialism' as they sediment around treatments of language in cultural and media theory. Chapter Two extends the interrogation of materiality to translation, emphasizing how it is handled within "media materialist" outlooks (McLuhan, Kittler), then discussing how materiality is reflected in translation studies research. Chapter Three investigates the relationship between languages---materially conceived---and machine code, programming languages, as well as "universal" code, in light of Information Theory as a basis for human coding activities. The fourth chapter recontextualizes Warren Weaver's 1949 "Translation" Memorandum as founding document of MT and focal point for skepticism regarding the automatic translation of "natural" languages. Chapter five adopts a Kittlerian stance to historically orient the development and operation of a wide range of real-world MT applications, and demonstrate how multi-language "data" is processed through commercial, military and increasingly public, statistically-defined channels. Chapter Six considers the implications of competing materialities of language in light of progressively ubiquitous MT.;Three key concerns are emphasized throughout this analysis, each of which threaten, in different moments and configurations, to unsettle the materiality of language: (1) translatability, particularly of a "universal" type that comes to be articulated in media studies; (2) "human" language as an essential, natural and holistic notion, and (3) materiality itself, as operationalized differently across disciplines, with different objectives.
机译：媒体，文化和传播学的研究已从理论和方法论转向“实质性”。转而侧重于铭文和传播的物理形式和物质渠道，而不是“无形的”指称或语言内容。尽管在这些唯物主义的框架中似乎已经很好地解释了语言，但它仍然不那么容易地置于这些话语中。本研究通过（1）追溯其概念历史和（2）通过详细的有症状阅读来解决这种矛盾，其重点是为自然语言自动翻译开发的软件和系统：机器翻译（MT）。第六章，前三章形成了一个理论框架，侧重于重要性，翻译和代码的概念，后三章则是对MT的分析。第一章追溯了“物质性”和“唯物主义”在文化和媒体理论中围绕语言处理的部署。第二章将对实体性的询问扩展到翻译，强调如何在“媒体唯物主义”的视野中处理它（麦克卢汉，基特勒），然后讨论了在翻译研究中如何体现实体性。第三章根据信息论作为人类编码活动的基础，研究了语言（实质上是构想的）与机器代码，编程语言以及“通用”代码之间的关系。第四章将沃伦·韦弗（Warren Weaver）的1949年“翻译”备忘录重新诠释为MT的创始文件，并对自动翻译“自然”语言表示怀疑。第五章采用基特兰式的立场，从历史上指导了各种现实世界MT应用程序的开发和操作，并演示了如何通过商业，军事以及日益公开的，统计定义的渠道来处理多语言“数据”。第六章根据MT的普遍存在来考虑竞争性语言的实质性问题的含义;在整个分析过程中强调了三个关键问题，每个问题都在不同的时机和形态下威胁到语言的实质性：（1）可译性，特别是媒体研究中将要阐明的“通用”类型； （2）“人类”语言是必不可少的，自然的，整体的概念；（3）重要性本身，因为跨学科，以不同的目标进行了不同的操作。

著录项

  • 作者

    Mitchell, Christine.;

  • 作者单位

    McGill University (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 McGill University (Canada).;
  • 学科 Language General.;Artificial Intelligence.;Information Science.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2011
  • 页码 378 p.
  • 总页数 378
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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