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Entry to export markets and firm-level productivity in developing countries (Chile).

机译：进入发展中国家的出口市场和公司一级的生产率（智利）。

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摘要

There has been a long debate in economics about the effects of openness to trade on productivity. In the traditional view, with intellectual roots tracing back to Adam Smith, trade increases productivity. Nevertheless, this view has recently come under challenge. Skeptics have argued that the positive correlation between exports and productivity may be explained by the fact that only the more productive firms can export. Thus, export orientation does not increase productivity. This conclusion, however, presumes that productivity is completely independent of the decision to export. Contrary to this idea, we argue in this dissertation that productivity is directly determined by the export orientation of the firms.; In Chapter 1 we review the literature on trade, productivity, and economic growth. We show that there are several mechanisms by which exports and, more generally, export orientation increase productivity in developing countries. We conclude that there is enough evidence to support the idea that trade improves productivity.; In Chapter 2 we develop a theoretical model in which productivity depends on the decision to export. In this framework, profit maximizing firms invest in a modern technology with the purpose of exporting. The purchase of the technology raises productivity by increasing the quality of the good that is produced for the world markets. With this model we analyze the effects of trade barriers of industrial countries and export subsidies of developing countries on the level of productivity in less developed economies.; In Chapter 3 we use plant-level data from the manufacturing sector of Chile to show that the evidence strongly supports the idea that exports increase productivity. We find that firms that make the transition from the domestic to the foreign market are more productive than non-exporters before they begin to export, and that prior to entry to export markets these firms increase investment.; Finally, in Chapter 4 we propose and discuss next stages of research. Issues such as, the relationship between export orientation and technology transfer; the process of becoming an exporter; and the phenomenon of technology diffusion in developing countries, are briefly analyzed.
机译：在经济学上，关于贸易开放对生产率的影响一直存在着长期的争论。按照传统观点，由于知识渊源可追溯到亚当·斯密，贸易可以提高生产率。然而，这种观点最近受到挑战。怀疑论者认为，出口与生产率之间的正相关关系可能是因为只有生产能力更高的公司才能出口。因此，出口导向不会提高生产率。但是，该结论假定生产率完全独立于出口决定。与这一观点相反，我们在本文中认为生产率直接取决于企业的出口导向。在第一章中，我们回顾了有关贸易，生产力和经济增长的文献。我们表明，有几种机制可以通过出口机制，更广泛地说，以出口为导向来提高发展中国家的生产率。我们得出结论，有足够的证据支持贸易提高生产率的观点。在第二章中，我们建立了一个理论模型，其中生产率取决于出口决定。在这种框架下，利润最大化的公司以出口为目的投资于现代技术。购买技术可以提高为世界市场生产的商品的质量，从而提高生产率。通过这个模型，我们分析了工业国家的贸易壁垒和发展中国家的出口补贴对欠发达经济体生产力水平的影响。在第3章中，我们使用来自智利制造业的工厂级数据来证明证据有力地支持了出口提高生产率的观点。我们发现，从国内市场过渡到国外市场的公司在开始出口之前比非出口商更有生产力，并且在进入出口市场之前，这些公司增加了投资。最后，在第四章中，我们提出并讨论了下一步的研究。诸如出口导向与技术转让之间的关系等问题；成为出口商的过程；并简要分析了发展中国家的技术扩散现象。

著录项

  • 作者

    Lopez Rago, Ricardo Antonio.;

  • 作者单位

    University of California, Los Angeles.;

  • 授予单位 University of California, Los Angeles.;
  • 学科 Economics General.; Economics Commerce-Business.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2003
  • 页码 145 p.
  • 总页数 145
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 经济学;贸易经济;
  • 关键词

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