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首页> 外文学位 >Experimental and numerical investigation of transesterification of vegetable oil with a continuous flow capillary reactor.
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Experimental and numerical investigation of transesterification of vegetable oil with a continuous flow capillary reactor.

机译：连续流毛细管反应器对植物油酯交换反应的实验和数值研究。

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摘要

Biodiesel, Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME), is a renewable fuel that is a promising alternative to fossil fuels in the future. Biodiesel not only has similar properties to diesel derived from fossil fuel, but it also provides more environmentally friendly due to lower carbon monoxide and sulfur emissions. Biodiesel is composed of methyl esters which can be synthesized from various fatty acid sources with a present of catalyst. Typical feed-stocks include vegetable oils, such as waste cooking oil, animal fats, and even oil from algae. Four primary ways to use vegetable oil as a fuel are direct use, blending with diesel via a co-solvent, using oil produced by thermo cracking (pyrolysis), and using methyl esters made by transesterification/esterification. The transesterification process is the most frequently used methods for making biodiesel because it gives the fuel that has similar or better properties as diesel fuel. However, most biodiesel is still produced using batch reactor technology that is decades old. Improvements in biodiesel quality and economics can be achieved by employing alternate reactor technology for biodiesel synthesis that can reduce reactor size and energy consumption. Recently, microreactor technology, an important method of process intensification, was widely used to apply in biodiesel to reduce the residence time. In addition, the biodiesel producers typically employs as catalyst to speed the transesterification reaction. The catalysts are usually homogeneous bases but strong acids can work as well.;In this work, the use of capillary reactor technology for the intensification of transesterification was studied. Both homogeneous alkaline and heterogeneous acid catalysis were investigated. Reactions were conducted experimentally in stirred batch and continuous flow capillary reactors. To confirm the intensification process, the titanium micro-reactor was also presented to verify the rapid mass transfer in microscale. Moreover, the batch reactor and capillary reactor are compared to show the effectiveness of biodiesel production in capillary reactor. The results show that, from the homogeneous alkali-catalyst, conversion of vegetable oil greater than 98% could be achieved for significantly lower residence times and energy input compared to the stirred batch reactor case. This enhanced performance was due to the intensification of mass and heat transfer enabled by the use of the capillary reactor. In order to reduce the purifying process, the experiment is investigated the use of a heterogeneous acid catalyst for the transesterification reaction in a capillary reactor. The catalyst will be immobilized in the reactor as a packed bed of micro-particles. The results indicated that high surface area of packed bed reactor gave the 84% oil conversion with a significant reducing in residence time for 1 h. Because of the micro-particles, there was to high pressure drop in the reactor during the experiment. A mathematical model for the multiphase flow in a capillary including transesterification reaction kinetics was developed. The model was solved approximately using a time accurate finite element-based computer code. The predictions made by the model follow the same trends observed in the experiments.
机译：生物柴油，脂肪酸甲酯（FAME），是一种可再生燃料，在将来有望替代化石燃料。生物柴油不仅具有与化石燃料衍生的柴油相似的性能，而且由于一氧化碳和硫的排放量较低，因此也更加环保。生物柴油由甲酯组成，可以在催化剂存在下从各种脂肪酸来源合成。典型的原料包括植物油，例如废食用油，动物脂肪，甚至是藻类油。使用植物油作为燃料的四种主要方法是直接使用，通过助溶剂与柴油混合，使用热裂解（热解）产生的油以及使用酯交换/酯化反应制得的甲酯。酯交换过程是生产生物柴油的最常用方法，因为它使燃料具有与柴油相似或更好的性能。但是，大多数生物柴油仍使用数十年的间歇式反应器技术生产。通过采用替代反应器技术进行生物柴油合成，可以减少反应器的尺寸和能耗，从而可以提高生物柴油的质量和经济性。近来，微反应器技术是一种工艺强化的重要方法，已广泛用于生物柴油中以减少停留时间。另外，生物柴油生产商通常采用催化剂来加速酯交换反应。催化剂通常是均相的碱，但强酸也可以起作用。在这项工作中，研究了使用毛细管反应器技术来增强酯交换反应。研究了均相碱性和异相酸催化。在搅拌的间歇和连续流毛细管反应器中实验进行反应。为了确认强化过程，还提出了钛微反应器，以验证微观尺度下的快速传质。此外，比较了间歇式反应器和毛细管反应器，以显示在毛细管反应器中生物柴油生产的有效性。结果表明，与搅拌式间歇反应器相比，均相碱催化剂可显着降低停留时间和能量输入，从而实现大于98％的植物油转化率。这种增强的性能归因于毛细管反应器的使用，使质量和传热增强。为了减少纯化过程，研究了在毛细管反应器中使用非均相酸催化剂进行酯交换反应的实验。催化剂将作为微粒的填充床固定在反应器中。结果表明，填充床反应器的高表面积使84％的油转化率显着减少了1小时的停留时间。由于存在微粒，在实验过程中反应器中出现高压降。建立了包括酯交换反应动力学在内的毛细管中多相流的数学模型。使用时间精确的基于有限元的计算机代码对模型进行了近似求解。模型所做的预测遵循实验中观察到的相同趋势。

著录项

  • 作者

    Charoenwat, Rachaneewan.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Texas at Arlington.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Texas at Arlington.;
  • 学科 Engineering Mechanical.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2011
  • 页码 91 p.
  • 总页数 91
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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