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首页> 外文学位 >The dynamic self: Exploring the critical role of the default mode network in self-referential processing.
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The dynamic self: Exploring the critical role of the default mode network in self-referential processing.

机译：动态自我：探讨默认模式网络在自我参照处理中的关键作用。

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摘要

Investigation of the neural correlates of the self has implicated a network of brain regions including the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), posterior cingulate (PCC), precuneus (pC), and inferior parietal lobule (IPL). At the same time, recent neuroimaging work has identified the Default Mode Network (DMN), a network of brain regions that are highly active at 'rest' (without an active cognitive task). While the functional significance of the DMN remains unknown, converging evidence suggests that the DMN might be critical for self-referential processing (e.g., introspection). In this dissertation, I tested this hypothesis using a lesion approach. In the first experiment, I examined the critical role of the DMN hubs (MPFC, IPL) in autobiographical memory (AM) retrieval. I predicted that if the DMN hubs were critical for AM, then lesions to either the MPFC or IPL should result in AM retrieval impairments. I tested this prediction using the Iowa Autobiographical Memory Questionnaire (IAMQ), a questionnaire that assessed retrograde AM retrieval. In support of the prediction, lesions to the MPFC and IPL were associated with significant AM retrieval impairments. While not predicted, AM retrieval deficits were also associated with lesions in medial and lateral temporal cortices, regions also considered part of the DMN. In the second experiment, I tested the critical role of the DMN hubs in the self-reference effect (SRE), a well-known memory advantage conferred by self-related processing. I predicted that if the DMN hubs were critical for the SRE, then damage to the MPFC or IPL should diminish the effect. I used a standard personality trait judgment paradigm to test this prediction. In partial support of the prediction, I found that damage to the MPFC abolished the SRE with a "self" specific deficit. While IPL damage was associated with a diminished SRE, the effects were not significant. In the third experiment, I tested the hypothesis that the DMN is critical for accurate knowledge of one's personality. I predicted that if the DMN hubs are critical for accurate self-knowledge, then damage to either the MPFC or IPL should be associated with less accurate personality reports. In partial support of the prediction, MPFC and IPL groups demonstrated less accurate personality ratings. However, performance for all lesion groups was comparable and not significantly different from healthy subjects. In the fourth experiment, I sought to test the hypothesis that the DMN is critical for mind wandering (MW). I predicted that if the DMN hubs are critical for MW, then damage to the MPFC and IPL should result in decreased MW. To test this prediction, I used two approaches: (1) an experience sampling method (Sustained Attention to Response Task), and (2) a self-report measure (Imaginal Processes Inventory scale of MW). Contrary to my prediction, IPL lesions were associated with increased MW on the SART. By contrast, in support of the prediction, both MPFC and IPL lesions were associated with significant self-reported decreases in MW. Together, these experiments provide some evidence to support the hypothesis that the DMN is critical for self-referential processing. Future work might investigate the impact of DMN lesions on other self-processes (e.g., self-agency).
机译：自我神经相关性的研究牵涉到大脑区域网络，包括内侧前额叶皮层（MPFC），后扣带回（PCC），前突神经（pC）和顶下小叶（IPL）。同时，最近的神经影像学研究已经确定了默认模式网络（DMN），即在“休息”时活跃（没有活动的认知任务）的大脑区域网络。虽然DMN的功能重要性仍然未知，但越来越多的证据表明DMN对于自我参照处理（例如自省）可能至关重要。在本文中，我使用病灶方法验证了这一假设。在第一个实验中，我检查了DMN集线器（MPFC，IPL）在自传存储器（AM）检索中的关键作用。我预测，如果DMN集线器对AM至关重要，那么MPFC或IPL的损害将导致AM检索障碍。我使用爱荷华自传记忆问卷（IAMQ）测试了这一预测，该问卷调查了逆行AM检索。为了支持这一预测，MPFC和IPL的病变与严重的AM修复障碍有关。虽然没有预料到，但AM检索缺陷也与内侧和外侧颞皮质的病变有关，这些区域也被视为DMN的一部分。在第二个实验中，我测试了DMN集线器在自参考效果（SRE）中的关键作用，SRE是自相关处理赋予的众所周知的内存优势。我预测，如果DMN集线器对于SRE至关重要，则对MPFC或IPL的损坏将减少这种影响。我使用标准的人格特质判断范例来测试此预测。在部分支持该预测的情况下，我发现对MPFC的损坏消除了SRE，并带有“自我”特定缺陷。虽然IPL损伤与SRE减少有关，但影响并不明显。在第三个实验中，我测试了DMN对于准确了解人格至关重要的假设。我预测，如果DMN集线器对于准确的自我知识至关重要，那么对MPFC或IPL的损害都应与不太准确的个性报告相关联。在部分支持该预测的情况下，MPFC和IPL组的人格评分较不准确。但是，所有病变组的表现都是可比的，与健康受试者无明显差异。在第四个实验中，我试图检验DMN对于心理游荡（MW）至关重要的假设。我预测，如果DMN集线器对于兆瓦至关重要，那么对MPFC和IPL的损坏将导致兆瓦的减少。为了测试此预测，我使用了两种方法：（1）经验抽样方法（对任务的持续关注），和（2）自我报告测度（MW的想象过程清单量表）。与我的预测相反，IPL病变与SART上的MW增加有关。相比之下，为支持该预测，MPFC和IPL病变均与自我报告的MW显着降低有关。总之，这些实验提供了一些证据来支持DMN对于自引用处理至关重要的假设。未来的工作可能会调查DMN病变对其他自我过程（例如自我代理）的影响。

著录项

  • 作者

    Philippi, Carissa Louise.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Iowa.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Iowa.;
  • 学科 Biology Neuroscience.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2011
  • 页码 127 p.
  • 总页数 127
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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