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首页> 外文学位 >Evaluation and application of a dynamic emissions chamber for quantifying gaseous emissions from laying hen manure.
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Evaluation and application of a dynamic emissions chamber for quantifying gaseous emissions from laying hen manure.

机译：动态排放室的评估和应用，用于量化蛋鸡粪中的气体排放。

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摘要

The need to quantify air emissions from animal feeding operations (AFOs) with relative ease and reasonable certainty continues to rise. Exploration of practical means to reduce air emissions also calls for less sophisticated but reasonably dependable methods to quantify the treatment effect. Although mobile air emissions monitoring units (MAEMUs) capable of precise and real-time emission measurement is the norm for continuous, intensive monitoring of emissions from mechanically ventilated animal facilities, their relative immobility and high cost are limiting their widespread use. Several other methods, such as gas-washing, micro-meteorological, wind tunnel, flux chamber, and mass-balance methods, have been employed to accommodate different measurement needs. Flux chambers have the advantages of being portable, small size, low cost, and less labor requirement. However, the performance of flux chambers and thus the measured emission values may be subject to the influence of the system design and operational characteristics. The focus of this study was on the evaluation and application of a dynamic flux chamber (DFC) for quantifying NH3 and CO2 emissions from laying hen manure.;The first objective, as reported in Chapter 2, was to assess the impact of operational parameters on the DFC, including: air exchange rate expressed in air changes per hour (ACH), and air turbulence or velocity over the manure surface resulting from different air inlet angles into the DFC space. Results of laboratory tests with laying-hen manure revealed that measured NH 3 and CO2 emissions are positively related to DFC air exchange rate. Higher air velocities (0.07 vs. 0 m·s-1 at 39 ACH) over the manure surface as a result of the different air inlet angles (0 vs. 45 degrees) were shown to positively affect the measured gaseous emissions.;The second objective, as reported in Chapter 3, was to assess gaseous (NH3 and CO2) emissions of high-rise layer houses as measured with the DFC vs. MAEMU. The preliminary data showed that NH 3 emission from the stored manure surface or piles measured with the DFC was 8% to 16% that of the whole barn measured with the MAEMU, while CO 2 emission from the manure surface was 1% to 4% of the barn emission. The preliminary results obtained with DFC concerning the dietary efficacy of ammonia emission reduction were mixed as compared to those obtained with the MAEMU.
机译：相对容易和合理地确定动物饲养业务（AFO）排放的空气的需求不断增加。探索减少空气排放的实用方法还要求采用不太复杂但合理可靠的方法来量化治疗效果。尽管能够进行精确，实时排放测量的移动空气排放监测单元（MAEMU）是对机械通气动物设施的排放进行连续，密集监测的规范，但它们的相对固定性和高成本限制了它们的广泛使用。几种其他方法，例如气体洗涤，微气象，风洞，通量室和质量平衡方法，已被用来满足不同的测量需求。助焊剂室具有携带方便，体积小，成本低和所需劳动力少的优点。但是，助焊剂室的性能以及因此测得的排放值可能会受到系统设计和操作特性的影响。这项研究的重点是评估和应用动态通量室（DFC）来量化蛋鸡粪中的NH3和CO2排放量。第2章报道的第一个目标是评估操作参数对鸡粪的影响。 DFC，包括：以每小时换气量（ACH）表示的空气交换率，以及由于进入DFC空间的进气角度不同而导致的粪便表面的湍流或速度。蛋鸡粪的实验室测试结果表明，测得的NH 3和CO2排放与DFC空气交换率成正相关。由于不同的进气角度（0 vs. 45度），粪肥表面的较高的空气流速（0.039 vs. 0 m·s-1在39 ACH下）显示出对测量的气体排放有积极影响。如第3章所述，我们的目标是评估用DFC与MAEMU测量的高层房屋的气态（NH3和CO2）排放。初步数据表明，用DFC测量的存储粪便表面或堆肥中的NH 3排放量是用MAEMU测量的整个谷仓的8％至16％，而粪便表面的CO 2排放量是使用粪便测量的整个粪便的1％至4％。谷仓排放。与使用MAEMU获得的结果相比，使用DFC获得的关于减少氨排放的饮食功效的初步结果是混合的。

著录项

  • 作者

    Acevedo Perez, Ricardo Rafael.;

  • 作者单位

    Iowa State University.;

  • 授予单位 Iowa State University.;
  • 学科 Engineering Agricultural.;Engineering Environmental.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2011
  • 页码 98 p.
  • 总页数 98
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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