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Human development and regional inequalities: Spatial analysis across Brazilian municipalities.

机译：人类发展与区域不平等：巴西各城市的空间分析。

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摘要

The primary analytical focus of this dissertation is to assess municipal (district) human development by using spatial analysis and spatial econometric techniques with the intent of guiding decision-making processes. The Human Development Index (HDI) from the United Nations Development Program is the main focus of this study, which relies on geographic information systems (GIS) technology to incorporate the spatial dimension in the HDI, and to provide the data platform for analyses. Methods of Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis and Confirmatory Spatial Data Analysis are used to accomplish the research objectives.; The results of this dissertation suggest that the geographic environment plays an important role in the understanding of the relationship between human development and public intervention. In the case of Brazil, public sector involvement in enlarging people's social choices must explicitly consider relative location if the goal is to create equitable access to opportunities through strategic investment in education, health, and skills of the people. This enhanced, spatial perspective will enable a greater number of the population to participate in the growth process as well as to share its benefits, and further expand people's capabilities. From the regional inequality perspective, that characterizes Brazil, Southeast municipalities have a comparative advantage because of their higher level of development; as a consequence, these municipalities have a stronger capacity to manage social issues. In contrast, Northeast municipalities, because of their lower level of development, do not have such a strong capacity. From the intra-urban perspective, similar, diverse spatial dynamics can be observed in the districts of Sao Paulo municipality.; This dissertation draws three main conclusions concerning the relationship between human development and public intervention. First, the tendency to allow an uncontrolled decentralization process, common in many developing countries, may need to be replaced with some coordination mechanisms. Second, if there is a willingness to implement 'pro-equality' policies, social policies should be spatially focused, instead of being applied universally across all municipalities. Third, a few spatial strategies are proposed as alternatives to implement 'pro-equality' policies. These strategies are based on the existence of spatial diffusion processes that take place in the study areas.
机译：本文的主要分析重点是通过使用空间分析和空间计量经济学技术来评估市政（区）人类发展，以指导决策过程。联合国开发计划署的人类发展指数（HDI）是这项研究的主要重点，它依赖于地理信息系统（GIS）技术将空间维度纳入人类发展指数，并为分析提供数据平台。探索性空间数据分析和确认性空间数据分析方法被用于完成研究目的。论文的结果表明，地理环境在理解人类发展与公共干预之间的关系中起着重要的作用。以巴西为例，如果目标是通过对人民的教育，健康和技能进行战略性投资来创造公平获得机会的机会，则公共部门参与扩大人民的社会选择必须明确考虑相对位置。这种增强的空间视角将使更多的人口参与增长过程并分享其利益，并进一步扩大人们的能力。从代表巴西的区域不平等的角度来看，东南市由于其较高的发展水平而具有比较优势。结果，这些市政当局具有处理社会问题的强大能力。相反，东北城市由于其发展水平较低而没有如此强大的能力。从城市内部的角度来看，在圣保罗市的地区可以观察到类似的，多样的空间动态。本文得出了关于人类发展与公共干预之间关系的三个主要结论。首先，可能需要用一些协调机制来代替在许多发展中国家中普遍存在的允许不受控制的权力下放进程的趋势。其次，如果愿意执行“促进平等”政策，则社会政策应侧重于空间，而不是在所有市政当局中普遍采用。第三，提出了一些空间战略，以替代实施“赞成平等”政策。这些策略基于研究区域中发生的空间扩散过程。

著录项

  • 作者

    Haddad, Monica Amaral.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.;

  • 授予单位 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.;
  • 学科 Urban and Regional Planning.; Geography.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2003
  • 页码 144 p.
  • 总页数 144
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 区域规划、城乡规划;自然地理学;
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:45:15

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