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The economic geography of race in post-conquest Brazil.

机译：征服后巴西的种族经济地理。

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摘要

I investigate the economic determinants of the spatial distribution of race in Brazil from 1500 to 2000 C.E. I construct time-series for the populations of European, African, and Native peoples within the borders of twenty modern states and find that areas with more valuable natural resources adopted slavery but the race of those slaves (African or Native) depended on their relative cost.;In Chapter Two, I compile all published statistics on the demographic history of Brazil. I discuss the political economy of each period, and trace the evolution of each region from a population of Indigenous, to African or European, and then European or African descent. I examine population growth rates and map the extent of Portuguese settlement over time.;In Chapter Three, I evaluate these figures with respect to population estimates based on the production of staples and African slave imports. Surprisingly, I find that the African and Mulatto population had positive rates of natural increase earlier than thought. The results indicate that the population data have acceptable margins of error.;In Chapter Four, I quantify the size of the indigenous population and its spatial distribution at Contact. Predator-prey and agricultural-yields models are combined to calculate the sustainable carrying capacity of Natives. Furthermore, I consider the allocation of resources to farming versus hunting-and-gathering. My resulting population estimates are within the range of existing figures (but may be revised upwards) and at a fine resolution.;Using these data, in Chapter Five I examine the determinants of spatial and temporal variation of race in Brazil. I present a model in which slave owners choose the optimal mix of slaves based on their productivity, mortality, and price. Using transportation costs to proxy for prices, I evaluate the model and conclude that increased scarcity of Native labor led to the adoption of African slaves, particularly where most profitable.;In this dissertation, I present a reliable consolidated source of disaggregated population data over the history of Brazil that explicitly considers the dynamics of African and Native populations. The data confirm that the racial composition of Brazil is largely a vestige of the pre-abolition economy.
机译：我研究了公元1500年至2000年巴西种族空间分布的经济决定因素，为二十个现代州边界内的欧洲，非洲和土著居民建立了时间序列，并发现了拥有更多宝贵自然资源的地区采取奴隶制，但这些奴隶（非洲或原住民）的种族取决于他们的相对成本。在第二章中，我汇编了所有有关巴西人口历史的公开统计数据。我讨论每个时期的政治经济学，并追溯每个地区从土著人口到非洲或欧洲，再到欧洲或非洲后裔的演变。我研究了人口增长率并绘制了葡萄牙随时间推移的定居范围。在第三章中，我根据主要食品的生产和非洲奴隶的进口情况，对这些数字进行了人口估计。出乎意料的是，我发现非洲人和混血儿的自然增长速度比人们想象的要早。结果表明，人口数据具有可接受的误差范围。在第四章​​中，我量化了Contact地区的土著人口规模及其空间分布。结合捕食者－猎物模型和农业产量模型来计算土著人的可持续承载能力。此外，我考虑将资源分配给农业和狩猎与采集。我得出的人口估计数在现有数字的范围内（但可能会向上修正），并且具有较高的分辨率。使用第五章的数据，我研究了巴西种族时空变化的决定因素。我提出了一个模型，其中奴隶主根据他们的生产力，死亡率和价格选择最佳的奴隶组合。我用运输成本代替价格，对模型进行了评估，并得出结论，即当地劳动力的稀缺性加剧导致非洲奴隶的收养，特别是在最赚钱的地方。在本论文中，我提出了一个可靠的合并的人口统计数据来源。巴西的历史明确考虑了非洲和土著人口的动态。数据证实，巴西的种族组成主要是废奴前经济的遗迹。

著录项

  • 作者

    Bucciferro, Justin Robert.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Colorado at Boulder.;

  • 授予单位 University of Colorado at Boulder.;
  • 学科 Geography.;Economics History.;Economics Labor.;Latin American Studies.;Sociology Demography.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2011
  • 页码 244 p.
  • 总页数 244
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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