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首页> 外文学位 >Human economies: Labor administration, vocational training and psychological testing in Germany, 1914--1964.
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Human economies: Labor administration, vocational training and psychological testing in Germany, 1914--1964.

机译：人类经济：1914--1964年德国的劳动行政管理，职业培训和心理测验。

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摘要

This dissertation examines a program to register, evaluate and develop Germany's human talents that began after the First World War and ended---at least as a unified whole---after a decade of the Economic Miracle.;In the increasingly dynamic society of late 19th and early 20th century Germany, concerns for domestic order, individual well-being, economic efficiency and national power motivated attempts to match workers to jobs and to train them. It was the First World War, however, which launched a more unified program of human economies, as German authorities established a national labor administration with offices throughout the country, and as the war's outcome fostered the widespread conviction that Germany's welfare, even survival, depended on husbanding its human resources. In the postwar period, vocational counseling aspired to monopoly control--- Totalerfassung---of all young people entering work. It made use of applied psychology, both in order to match workers and occupations and, more strategically, to bind employers to the labor offices.;In the mid-1920s, German industry's (re)discovery of the value of the skilled worker affected all aspects of the human economies. It put pressure on vocational counseling to evaluate worker motivation and personality---for which it had to turn to less scientific, more pragmatic, forms of assessment. Employers, with the encouragement of government, also cooperated to standardize vocational training. This standardization permitted the creation of a (potentially) mobile force of high-skilled workers.;The system of human economies was brought to completion under the National Socialists, though not as an intentional consequence of their policies. After the war, it survived even the transition to a far different economic system and political regime.;This system came apart only after a decade of unparalleled economic growth and of strategic security in the 1950s. The scientific limits to matching workers to occupations had been reached earlier. Around 1960, the political necessity and social acceptability of Totalerfassung dissolved in the face of an overabundance of jobs and individuals' increasing orientation toward personal advancement. While the system of standardized worker training continued, the Labor Administration had to develop new tasks for itself.
机译：本文研究了一个注册，评估和发展德国人才的计划，该计划始于第一次世界大战后，至少在一个整体上，在经济奇迹十年之后结束。 19世纪末至20世纪初，德国对国内秩序，个人福祉，经济效率和国家权力的关注促使人们尝试使工人找到工作并对其进行培训。然而，是第一次世界大战启动了更为统一的人类经济计划，因为德国当局建立了在全国各地设有办事处的国家劳工管理局，而战争的结果使人们普遍相信，德国的福利，甚至是生存，都取决于依靠人力资源。在战后时期，职业咨询希望控制所有进入工作的年轻人-Totalerfassung-。它利用了应用心理学，目的是为了匹配工人和职业，并且在战略上将雇主与劳工办公室捆绑在一起；在1920年代中期，德国工业（重新）发现熟练工人的价值影响了所有人。人类经济的各个方面。它给职业咨询施加了压力，要求他们评估工人的动力和性格，为此必须转向科学程度较低，更务实的评估形式。雇主在政府的鼓励下也进行了合作，以规范职业培训。这种标准化允许建立一支（可能）由高技能工人组成的机动部队。国家经济主义者领导下的人类经济体系得以完善，尽管这并不是其政策的故意结果。战争结束后，即使过渡到迥然不同的经济体系和政治体制，它也幸免于难；仅在经历了1950年代无与伦比的经济增长和战略安全的十年之后，该体系才瓦解。早已达到了使工人适应职业的科学极限。 1960年左右，面对过多的工作和个人对个人发展的日益重视，Totalfassung的政治必要性和社会接受度消散了。在继续进行标准化工人培训制度的同时，劳动行政管理局不得不自行制定新的任务。

著录项

  • 作者

    Meskill, David John.;

  • 作者单位

    Harvard University.;

  • 授予单位 Harvard University.;
  • 学科 History European.;Economics Labor.;Education History of.;History of Science.;Psychology Industrial.;Education Vocational.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2003
  • 页码 543 p.
  • 总页数 543
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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