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Multiple choice testing and the retrieval hypothesis of the testing effect.

机译：多项选择测试和测试效果的检索假设。

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Taking a test often leads to enhanced later memory for the tested information, a phenomenon known as the "testing effect". This memory advantage has been reliably demonstrated with recall tests but not multiple choice tests. One potential explanation for this finding is that multiple choice tests do not rely on retrieval processes to the same extent as other types of tests. The set of experiments reported here examines the retrieval hypothesis of the testing effect in multiple choice testing. Experiment 1 is a replication and extension of previous research (Roediger & Marsh, 2005) with the addition of a re-study comparison condition. Experiments 2a and 2b encouraged participants to engage in retrieval processes during multiple choice tests. Experiment 3 implemented a version of the remember/know paradigm in order to assess retrieval of individual items on a multiple choice test. Overall, multiple choice testing did not produce a memory advantage over re-studying the material in the experiments reported here. The results of these experiments are discussed in light of the retrieval hypothesis of the testing effect.

机译：进行测试通常可以增强以后对被测信息的记忆力，这种现象称为“测试效果”。这种记忆优势已通过召回测试可靠地证明，但没有多项选择测试。这一发现的一个潜在解释是，多项选择测试与其他类型的测试在不同程度上不依赖于检索过程。此处报告的一组实验检验了多项选择测试中测试效果的检索假设。实验1是对先前研究（Roediger＆Marsh，2005）的复制和扩展，并增加了重新研究的比较条件。实验2a和2b鼓励参与者在多项选择测试中参与检索过程。实验3实施了一个记住/知道范例的版本，以便评估在多项选择测试中对单个项目的检索。总体而言，与在此处报告的实验中重新研究材料相比，多项选择测试没有产生记忆优势。根据测试效果的检索假设，讨论了这些实验的结果。

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Sensenig, Amanda E.;
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Colorado State University.;

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授予单位 Colorado State University.;
学科 Education Tests and Measurements.;Psychology Cognitive.
学位 Ph.D.
年度 2010
页码 41 p.
总页数 41
原文格式 PDF
正文语种 eng
中图分类
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机译：短答案，多项选择和混合测试的检索练习
3. Rewiring the brain with repeated retrieval: a parametric fMRI study of the testing effect. [J] . Eriksson J, Kalpouzos G, Nyberg L Neuroscience Letters: An International Multidisciplinary Journal Devoted to the Rapid Publication of Basic Research in the Brain Sciences . 2011,第1期

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4. Large-Scale Multiple Hypothesis Testing in Information Retrieval: Towards a new approach to Document Ranking [C] . Miles Efron People transforming information – information transforming people . 2008

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5. THE NATURE OF THE CLOZE AND MULTIPLE-CHOICE TEST ORDER EFFECT. [D] . DIGBY, SHERRY LYNN POWELL. 1980

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7. Decision-making is the process of analyzing information about a problem situation and comparing it to a specific conclusion in order to solve a specific problematic (Yıkılmaz, 2001; Miller and Byrnes, 2001). Decision-making styles are a mechanism that is influenced by the internal and external conditions that determine the direction of the decisions of the individual, the content of the decision-making process, and the outcome of the decision-making process (Payne, Bettman and Johson, 1993; Bavol’ár and Orosová, 2015). ACT is a contemporary member of the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy family. ACT (Acceptance and commitment therapy) has both similar and different directions with Behavioral Therapies and Cognitive Therapies (Herbet and Forman, 2011; Hayes, 2004). KKT responds to classical behavioral treatments using both existential and cognitive approaches in the analysis of behavior. KKT is a science wing that tries to solve human problems with a wider perspective aimed at solving problematic human behaviors (Plumb, Stewart, Dahl and Lundgren, 2009). It is seen that there is very little research about the new approach of ACT approach when the aiming country of our country is screened and it is thought that our country will contribute to the field of psychological counseling with the work done. In the scope of the research, experimental and control groups and preliminary test, post-test and follow-up measurements of 2x3 experimental design were used. The study's study group consists of a total of 24 (12 experimental and 12 control groups) university students studying in different departments and levels, continuing their education in the academic year of 2015-2016 in Ağrı province and İbrahim Chechen University in 2015-2016 academic year. The average age of participants in the experiment and control group is 20. There were 12 participants in the experimental group, 7 female and 5 male, and 12 participants, 7 female and 5 male in the control group. Personal Information Form and Decision Making Style Scale prepared by the researcher were used in the research. In order to decide on the tests to be used in the course of analyzing the data, the scores of the participant's Decision Styles Scale pre-test, which are placed primarily in the experimental and control groups, it was analyzed whether the basic expectations of parametric tests were answered. As a result of the analysis made, the scores, skewness and kurtosis coefficients obtained from the Decision Making Styles Scale were given to the experimental and control groups. It was determined that the distribution was normal in the result of Shapiro-Wilk test, in which the skewness and kurtosis coefficients of each sub-scale were ranked between -1 and +1. Participants in the experimental and control groups; homogeneity test results for decision-style pre-test measurements indicate that the data are homogeneous. According to the results of the Mauchly Globalness Test, it has been determined that working supports the hypothesis. It was determined that there was no significant difference between the pre-test scores obtained from dependent decision-making style of experiment and control groups, but the test group showed lower mean scores at the significant level within the scores of post-test and follow-up tests. Therefore, it can be said that the ACT-oriented psychoeducation program applied to the experimental group reduces the dependent decision-making style scores from the decision style sub-dimensions and the psychoeducation program has a lasting effect. It was determined that there was no significant difference between pre-test, post-test and follow-up scores obtained from the Spontaneous-Instant Decision Style of experiment and control groups. Thus, it can be said that this situation does not cause a significant difference in the Spontaneous-Decision-Making Style scores from the decision style sub-dimensions of the ACT-oriented psychoeducation program applied to the experimental group. The ACT -oriented psychoeducation program had a decline in the intuitive decision-making styles of the individuals, but this decrease did not create significant differences. Thus, it can be said that this situation does not make a meaningful difference in the intuitive decision style scores from the decision style sub-dimensions of the KKT oriented psychoeducation program applied to the experimental group. The pre-test scores obtained from the rational decision-making style of the experimental and control groups showed that there was a difference between the post-test and the follow-up scores, but this difference was not significant. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the test group had higher levels of rational decision style than the pre - test scores in the post test and follow - up scores, whereas the post test and follow - up test scores in the control group rational decision style showed a decrease compared to the pre - test scores. the pre - test scores. Decision-making Styles Scale Avoidant Decision Making As a result of the analysis of the mean scores of the subscale scores of pre-test, post-test and follow-up measures, the group effect was found to be insignificant. It was determined that the experimental and control groups differed significantly from the pre-test scores obtained from the avoidant decision-making style but did not show any significant change within the scores of the post-test and follow-up tests. [O] . mustafa ercengiz, ali haydar şar 2018

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8. A Quantitative-Comparison between Multiple-Two-Hypothesis Testing and M-Ary Testing. [R] . wilson,gerald p. 1974

机译：多重假设检验与m-ary检验的定量比较。

Multiple choice testing and the retrieval hypothesis of the testing effect.

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