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Poverty: Deprivation in basic capabilities.

机译：贫穷：基本能力匮乏。

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摘要

The way poverty is understood has substantive implications for how it is analyzed, and measured, and for the kinds of policies formulated to address it. There are two dominant ways of understanding poverty: either as a lack of a certain level of income (or economic means) or as a deprivation in basic human needs. This dissertation examines these two conceptions and finds them wanting as a basis or framework for addressing the problem of poverty. This dissertation then proposes and argues for an alternative conception of poverty: as deprivation or failure in basic capabilities to function in elementary human ways. This conception of poverty is based primarily on Amartya Sen's notion of functionings and capabilities.; The fundamental failure of the economic conception of poverty is that it does not capture the multidimensional character of poverty. It focuses on one part of the phenomenon and mistakes it for the whole. It sees poverty as primarily the lack of a particular level of income and employs only income and money-metric indicators to identify and measure the phenomenon. This approach can only tell us about income-deprivation (but not about the other deprivations of the poor) and it can only result in policies that are limited, narrow and at times, irrelevant.; The basic needs approach, on the other hand, is a richer basis for analyzing poverty, for understanding its causes and the situation of the poor, and for formulating policies that aim to alleviate poverty. However, this conception of poverty lacks the theoretical resources for making normative conclusions based on the idea of basic human needs, and as a result, it encounters some difficulties at the level of practice.; This dissertation gives a two-pronged argument in defense of the basic capabilities conception of poverty. First, the understanding of poverty as deprivation in basic capabilities avoids the conceptual and practical shortcomings of the above two approaches. Second, it is a conception of poverty that can explain and justify why poverty is a bad thing and why we have obligations, based on justice, to alleviate and prevent poverty, not only towards the poor who live within our own political borders but towards all the impoverished people in the world.
机译：理解贫困的方式对于如何分析和衡量贫困以及为解决贫困而制定的各种政策具有实质性意义。有两种主要的理解贫困的方式：要么缺乏一定水平的收入（或经济手段），要么由于基本人类需求的匮乏。本文研究了这两个概念，并发现它们是解决贫困问题的基础或框架。然后，本文提出并提出了贫困的另一种概念：贫困或基本能力无法以人类的基本方式运作。贫穷的概念主要基于阿玛蒂亚·森（Amartya Sen）的职能和能力概念。贫穷的经济概念的根本失败在于它没有抓住贫穷的多维特征。它集中于现象的一部分，并从整体上将其误认为。它认为贫困主要是缺乏特定水平的收入，并且仅采用收入和货币指标来识别和衡量这一现象。这种方法只能告诉我们有关收入剥夺的信息（而不能告诉我们其他穷人的剥夺），它只会导致政策有限，范围狭窄，有时甚至是无关紧要的。另一方面，基本需求方法是分析贫困，了解贫困的原因和贫困状况以及制定旨在减轻贫困的政策的更丰富的基础。但是，这种贫困观念缺乏根据基本人类需求的思想做出规范性结论的理论资源，结果，在实践层面遇到了一些困难。本文为捍卫贫困的基本能力概念提出了两方面的论点。首先，将贫困理解为基本能力的匮乏避免了上述两种方法的概念和实际缺陷。第二，这是一种贫穷的概念，可以解释和证明贫穷为什么是一件坏事，为什么我们有义无义地有义务减轻和预防贫穷，不仅对生活在我们自己政治边界之内的穷人而且对所有人世界上贫穷的人。

著录项

  • 作者

    Nalagon, Cecilia D.;

  • 作者单位

    Bowling Green State University.;

  • 授予单位 Bowling Green State University.;
  • 学科 Philosophy.; Political Science General.; Economics Theory.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2003
  • 页码 247 p.
  • 总页数 247
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 哲学理论;政治理论;经济学;
  • 关键词

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