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首页> 外文学位 >Examination of vibration characteristics and transmissibility properties of 'anti-vibration' mats for workers exposed to vibration via the feet.
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Examination of vibration characteristics and transmissibility properties of 'anti-vibration' mats for workers exposed to vibration via the feet.

机译：检查工人因脚部受到振动的“防振”垫子的振动特性和传递特性。

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摘要

Miners are exposed to vibration at the feet when driving locomotives and standing on vibration drilling platforms. Case reports suggest these workers are reporting pain, discomfort and blanching in the toes more often than their co-workers who are not exposed to vibration via the feet (Thompson et al., 2010). The purpose of the field study was to document the frequency and amplitude characteristics of vibration experienced at the feet under typical mining equipment operation. Health guidance caution zone limits (ISO, 1997) were used to determine the potential health risk to the workers as a result of the vibration. Two categories of underground mining equipment, primary (locomotives) and secondary Gumbo drill, bolter, wood and metal raise platforms), were distinguished by their origin of vibration. Measurements were collected using a tri-axial accelerometer mounted according to the ISO 2631-1 standards, at the location where the worker stood to complete the required job task (ISO, 1997). Musculoskeletal disorder history, work history, and demographic information were also collected.;As a result of the field study, it was shown that miners are exposed to vibration levels at the feet that are above the ISO 2631-1 health guidance caution zone for an 8 hour shift (Leduc, 2011; ISO, 1997). Anecdotal evidence suggests mats could be used to attenuate vibration. The purpose of the laboratory study was to evaluate the transmissibility properties and comfort of 'anti-vibration' mats. Ten participants experienced four mat conditions and three vibration conditions. Three commercially available mats and a no mat condition were randomly evaluated while participants stood on a vibrating platform with an exposure set to 5.0 m/s2 (dominant frequency of 4 Hz) for V1a and 15 m/s2 (dominant frequency of 30 Hz) for V1b, and a no vibration condition, V2. Participants provided a discomfort rating on a 9 point scale following each mat condition. Vibration was measured at the feet using a tri-axial accelerometer according to ISO 2631-1 (1997) and ISO 5349-1(1986) standards.;During the high frequency vibration condition (V2), all mats provided some attenuation in the z-axis. Mat 2 had the lowest mean discomfort rating for both vibration conditions (V1 and V2) and the greatest attenuation of vibration in the z-axis. No significance was found in participant reported discomfort between mats; however, exposure to the high vibration profile (V2) significantly increased participant reported discomfort. Based on the lab findings, longer duration testing should take place in the field to determine if mats will attenuate vibration and decrease worker discomfort.;Vibration resulting from a primary source exposure had a dominant frequency below 6.3 Hz. However, the dominant frequency recorded from secondary source exposures were predominantly in the 31.5 to 40 Hz range. All workers reported discomfort in their lower limbs. The wooden raise platform and the metal raise platform exposed the workers to vibration levels at the feet that placed them above the ISO 2631-1 health guidance caution zone, when the 8-hour frequency-weighted root-mean-square acceleration exposure levels were considered (ISO, 1997). Workers standing on the jumbo drill and raise platforms experienced dominant frequency vibration known to be associated with hand-arm vibration syndrome. The jumbo drill operator and a raise miner have been diagnosed with vibration induced white feet. The dominant frequency recorded at the feet of the locomotive operators was in the range associated with resonance of the spine and pelvis. Further investigation is warranted to determine long-term health effects resulting from vibration exposure via the feet.
机译：驾驶机车并站在振动钻探平台上时，矿工会受到脚部振动的影响。案例报告显示，与没有脚部振动的同事相比，这些工人报告的脚趾有疼痛，不适和发白的现象更多（Thompson等，2010）。现场研究的目的是记录在典型采矿设备操作下脚部振动的频率和振幅特性。使用了健康指导警告区域限制（ISO，1997）来确定振动对工人的潜在健康风险。地下采矿设备的两类主要是振动源，它们分别是一级（机车）和二级Gumbo钻机，锚杆，木材和金属提升平台。使用根据ISO 2631-1标准安装的三轴加速度计收集测量值，该加速度计位于工人站立以完成所需工作任务的位置（ISO，1997）。还收集了肌肉骨骼疾病的病史，工作史和人口统计学信息。实地研究的结果表明，矿工的脚部振动水平高于ISO 2631-1健康指导警告区域， 8小时轮班（Leduc，2011; ISO，1997）。轶事证据表明，可以使用垫子来减弱振动。实验室研究的目的是评估“防震”垫子的透过性和舒适性。十名参与者经历了四个垫子条件和三个振动条件。当参与者站在振动平台上时，随机评估了三块市售的垫子和无垫子的情况，参与者对V1a的暴露设置为5.0 m / s2（主频率为4 Hz），对于15m / s2的暴露设置为15 m / s2（主频率为30 Hz）。 V1b，无振动条件V2。参与者在每种垫子状态下的不舒适感等级为9分。根据ISO 2631-1（1997）和ISO 5349-1（1986）标准，使用三轴加速度计在脚上测量振动;在高频振动条件（V2）期间，所有垫子在z -轴。垫子2在两种振动条件下（V1和V2）均具有最低的平均不适感等级，并且在z轴上的振动衰减最大。参与者报告的垫子之间的不适感没有发现任何意义。但是，暴露于高振动曲线（V2）会大大增加参与者的不适感。根据实验室的发现，应在现场进行较长时间的测试，以确定垫子是否会减轻振动并减少工人的不适感。；一次暴露于主源引起的振动的主频低于6.3 Hz。但是，次要源暴露记录的主导频率主要在31.5至40 Hz的范围内。所有工人均报告下肢不适。当考虑将8小时频率加权均方根加速度暴露水平考虑在内时，木制升高平台和金属升高平台将工人暴露于脚部的振动水平下，使他们超过ISO 2631-1健康指导警告区域。 （ISO，1997）。站在巨型钻机和举升平台上的工人会经历主频振动，这与手臂振动综合症有关。巨型钻机操作员和高架采矿机已被诊断出由振动引起的白脚。机车操作员脚上记录的主导频率在与脊柱和骨盆共振相关的范围内。有必要进行进一步的研究以确定因脚部振动而引起的长期健康影响。

著录项

  • 作者

    Leduc, Mallorie G.;

  • 作者单位

    Laurentian University (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 Laurentian University (Canada).;
  • 学科 Health Sciences Occupational Health and Safety.;Engineering Industrial.
  • 学位 M.H.K.
  • 年度 2011
  • 页码 98 p.
  • 总页数 98
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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