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Artificial culture: Experiments in synthetic anthropology.

机译：人工文化：合成人类学实验。

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摘要

Empirically, culture is the product of individuals, artifacts, and their interactions at varying levels of complexity. Variation is omnipresent and requires explanation. Cultures are different. Its members are different. Its members' heads are filled with different thoughts. Moreover, cognition is distributed among people and technology. Culture emerges from these objects (thoughts, people, artifacts) through multiagent webs of mutual causation. Cultural processes are parallel and simultaneous. These complexities remain largely intractable to discursive and mathematical representations. The “new sciences of complexity” offer promising alternatives. The practices of evolutionary computation, distributed artificial intelligence, artificial life, and artificial societies provide frameworks for multiagent spatial simulations and make complex cultural descriptions possible. This is an exploration for theory building in anthropology, a project I call “artificial culture” (AC). I first detail a computational and evolutionary epistemology for AC, show acceptance for AC among computer scientists, show feasibility by developing and teaching five innovative courses in simulation, and demonstrate two AC application platforms. I present an introduction, eight published articles with commentaries, descriptions of two multiagent spatial simulations, observations on teaching, and a conclusion. The first simulation critiques the concept of carrying capacity, showing that it depends not just on the total resources of an area, but equally on the population size, search strategy, daily resource uptake and distribution pattern. The second examines the consequences of marriage rules based on collateral and patrilineal kinship systems with marriage in and out, combined with three additional marriage restrictions based on age. Both are bottom up in the sense that global patterns of behavior emerge from simpler local rules. The first does not require human-level thought. The second does, although it is minimal. Each is explained with illustrations and source code. Each may be readily enriched. AC provides a practical tool for understanding the entailments of similarity and difference, individual/group (local/global) interaction, and ideational/material agency. Further applications of AC could advance anthropology as an experimental science.
机译：从经验上讲，文化是个体，人工制品及其在不同复杂程度上的相互作用的产物。变化无处不在，需要解释。文化是不同的。它的成员是不同的。其成员的头脑充满了不同的想法。而且，认知是在人与技术之间分布的。文化通过相互因果的多主体网络从这些对象（思想，人，文物）中出现。文化过程是并行的和同步的。这些复杂性对于话语和数学表示来说仍然十分棘手。 “复杂性的新科学”提供了有希望的替代方案。进化计算，分布式人工智能，人工生活和人工社会的实践为多主体空间模拟提供了框架，并使复杂的文化描述成为可能。这是人类学理论构建的探索，我称之为“人工文化”（AC）。我首先详细介绍了交流的计算和进化认识论，展示了交流在计算机科学家中的接受程度，通过开发和教授五门模拟创新课程来展示可行性，并演示了两个交流应用平台。我提供一个引言，八篇发表的评论文章，两个多智能体空间模拟的描述，教学观察和一个结论。第一次模拟对承载力的概念进行了批判，表明承载力的概念不仅取决于一个地区的总资源，而且同样取决于人口规模，搜索策略，每日资源吸收和分配方式。第二部分研究了基于婚姻内外的抵押和父系亲属制度的婚姻规则的后果，以及基于年龄的三个附加婚姻限制。两者都是自下而上的，即行为的全局模式来自更简单的本地规则。第一个不需要人类层面的思考。第二个可以，尽管它很小。每一个都有插图和源代码进行解释。每个都可以很容易地丰富。 AC提供了一种实用的工具，可用于理解相似性和差异性，个人/群体（本地/全球）交互以及概念/物质代理的含义。 AC的进一步应用可以促进人类学作为一门实验科学。

著录项

  • 作者

    Gessler, Nicholas.;

  • 作者单位

    University of California, Los Angeles.;

  • 授予单位 University of California, Los Angeles.;
  • 学科 Anthropology Cultural.; Anthropology Physical.; Anthropology Archaeology.; Artificial Intelligence.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2003
  • 页码 268 p.
  • 总页数 268
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 人类学;人类学;古人类学;人工智能理论;
  • 关键词

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