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首页> 外文学位 >Field Investigations of Nitrogen Fertility on Corn and Soybeans and Foliar Manganese-Glyphosate Interactions on Glyphosate-Tolerant Soybeans in Ohio.
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Field Investigations of Nitrogen Fertility on Corn and Soybeans and Foliar Manganese-Glyphosate Interactions on Glyphosate-Tolerant Soybeans in Ohio.

机译：俄亥俄州的玉米和大豆氮肥田间调查以及耐草甘膦大豆的叶面锰-草甘膦相互作用。

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摘要

This dissertation is comprised of three separate studies in soil science and fertility. The first component concerns the use of swine manure on a leguminous crop. Recent environmental pressure has been placed to limit the practice of applying animal manures to fields planned for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] production because of the perceived hazard of excessive NO3 movement offsite. The objective is to evaluate the impact of manure application to soybean fields on soil NO3-N, N uptake and soybean crop productivity. A field experiment was established in the spring of 2007 and 2008. Liquid swine (Sus scrofa domestica) manure was applied at three different N rates (based upon manure analysis and estimated availability) using two application methods (surface application or injection). Commercial fertilizer treatments (same equivalent rates) were also included as positive controls. Soil samples to 60 cm and tissue samples were collected throughout the growing season. Even though N application did result in higher soil NO3- levels for some treatments, applications rates that were less than or equal to 135 kg ha-1 represented a lower risk of possible NO3-N movement. Nitrogen supplied via manure and commercial fertilizer resulted in larger N uptake than the controls, but grain yield was not improved. This reveals that despite the fact that soybeans can fix their own N, soybeans will absorb soil inorganic-N as a net N sink.;The second chapter of the dissertation explores the interactions of foliar-applied manganese and the herbicide glyphosate on glyphosate-resistant weeds. Glyphosate is a metal chelating agent that interacts with cations essential to plant growth, and previous studies have shown interactions with Mn resulting in decreased herbicide efficacy and manganese metabolism issues. This study measured the effects of different formulations of glyphosate and manganese combinations as well as timing of the application. Of six site-years, one instance of manganese application showed a positive grain yield response to manganese, regardless of glyphosate rate and timing. One site-year showed a negative yield response from the addition of manganese to the fields, suggesting that when manganese is not deficient, the toxic limit is easily reached and may account for yield depression.;The final chapter of the dissertation tests the effects of N rate and timing on corn (Zea mays, L.) yield components. As part of a multi-state study using normalized difference vegetative indices in precision placement of N fertilizers, effects of delayed N nutrition by growth stage and rate on the physiology of grain filling could lend greater insight to the logistics of precision placement. Four site-years of data were analyzed in a factorial design comparing five N rates (0, 67, 135, 201, and 269 kg ha-1) at each of the growth stages of preplant, V4, V8, and V12. Results were not consistent over four site-years of data, though the yield data suggest that any N application at V8 and V12 was not able to overcome the permanent yield losses caused by N deficiencies compared to an unlimited control treatment.
机译：本论文由土壤科学和肥力方面的三个独立研究组成。第一部分涉及在豆科作物上使用猪粪。由于人们感觉到过量的NO3移到异地的危险，最近的环境压力已经限制了将动物粪便应用于计划用于大豆[Glycine max（L.）Merr]生产的田地的做法。目的是评估肥料施用到大豆田对土壤NO3-N，N吸收和大豆作物生产力的影响。在2007年和2008年春季建立了一个田间试验。使用两种施用方法（表面施用或注射），以三种不同的氮肥施用量（基于粪便分析和可利用性）施用液态猪粪（Sus scrofa domestica）。商业化肥处理（相同当量比例）也包括在内作为阳性对照。在整个生长季节收集60厘米的土壤样品和组织样品。尽管在某些处理中施用氮肥确实会导致较高的土壤NO3-水平，但施用量小于或等于135 kg ha-1时，可能产生NO3-N的风险较低。通过粪肥和商品肥料供应的氮比对照组的氮吸收量更大，但是谷物的产量却没有提高。这表明尽管大豆可以固氮，但大豆仍将吸收土壤中的无机氮作为净氮汇。论文的第二章探讨了叶面施用的锰与除草剂草甘膦在抗草甘膦上的相互作用。杂草。草甘膦是一种金属螯合剂，可与植物生长所必需的阳离子相互作用，并且先前的研究表明与Mn的相互作用会导致除草剂功效下降和锰代谢问题。这项研究测量了草甘膦和锰组合的不同配方的效果以及施用时间。在六个位点年中，无论草甘膦的施用率和施肥时间如何，施用锰的一次实例均显示出对锰的正谷物产量响应。一个站点年显示，向田间添加锰对产量的响应是负的，这表明当锰不缺乏时，很容易达到毒性极限，并且可能导致产量下降。玉米（Zea mays，L.）上的氮肥施用量和时机。作为使用归一化差异营养指数精确定位氮肥的多州研究的一部分，氮素营养因生长期和生长速率对籽粒灌浆生理的影响可能会为精确定位的物流提供更多见识。在因子设计中分析了四个位点年的数据，比较了在种植前，V4，V8和V12的每个生长阶段的五个氮素比率（0、67、135、201和269 kg ha-1）。尽管产量数据表明，与无限对照处理相比，V8和V12上的任何氮肥施用均无法克服因N缺乏引起的永久性产量损失，但在四个站点年的数据中，结果并不一致。

著录项

  • 作者

    Diedrick, Keith Anthony.;

  • 作者单位

    The Ohio State University.;

  • 授予单位 The Ohio State University.;
  • 学科 Agriculture Agronomy.;Agriculture Soil Science.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2010
  • 页码 231 p.
  • 总页数 231
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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