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首页> 外文学位 >Links between soil microbial communities and transformations of soil carbon and nitrogen along a gradient in land-use history and soil disturbance.
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Links between soil microbial communities and transformations of soil carbon and nitrogen along a gradient in land-use history and soil disturbance.

机译：沿土地利用历史和土壤扰动的梯度，土壤微生物群落与土壤碳氮转化之间的联系。

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摘要

Land-use influences microbial community composition and carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics. Land-use includes a suite of cultural practices, vegetation, and associated soil characteristics. Effects of land-use history, plants, soil rewetting and resource availability, and seasonality on microbial community composition were investigated along a gradient of increasing intensity of soil disturbance with similar soil type in the Central Coast of California. Land-uses included relict native perennial grasslands, old-field annual grasslands, hayfields, restored perennial grasslands, row-cropped perennial bunchgrasses for seed production, and vegetable fields.; Microbial communities were found to vary by land-use history based on phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. The greatest distinction occurred between grassland and cultivated soils. Among grassland soils, microbial communities of annual, restored perennial and relict perennial grasslands were distinct from each other. Gradients in labile soil C and soil moisture distinguished microbial communities of grassland soils from each other, while soil pH and management inputs like fertilizer, pesticides, and herbicides distinguished microbial communities in cultivated soils vs. grassland soils.; Rainfall in Mediterranean climates may affect soil microbial processes and communities differently in agricultural vs. grassland soils, in which C and N availability (i.e., resource richness) differs by land-use history. Grasslands had higher C and N pools than cultivated sites. Trace N gases and carbon dioxide efflux increased, but soil C and N pools did not respond to a mild wet-dry cycle. Rewetting preferentially increased the activity of a resource-rich grassland soil, but less temporal change in microbial community composition and physiological status occurred in more resource-poor grassland and cultivated soils.; Effects of plant presence and seasonality on microbial communities, activity, and soil resources were investigated in land-uses supporting native perennial bunchgrasses, Nassella pulchra. Microbial communities differentiated by season within a given site. Soils with plants supported microbial communities distinct from bare soils in winter and/or spring. The PLFA that distinguished plant from bare soils varied by site, suggesting that land-use history and associated environmental conditions influenced microbial communities. Changes in communities corresponded to increases in microbial respiration and net mineralizable N, indicating possible links between community composition and function.
机译：土地利用会影响微生物群落组成以及碳（C）和氮（N）的动态。土地利用包括一系列文化习俗，植被和相关的土壤特征。在加利福尼亚中部海岸，以相似土壤类型的土壤扰动强度增加的梯度，研究了土地利用历史，植物，土壤再湿润和资源可用性以及季节性对微生物群落组成的影响。土地用途包括原始的多年生草地遗留物，旧田地一年生草地，干草田，恢复的多年生草地，用于种子生产的多年生多年生束草和菜地。根据磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）分析，发现微生物群落随土地利用历史而变化。草原和耕地之间的最大区别。在草地土壤中，一年生，恢复多年生和残存多年生草地的微生物群落彼此不同。不稳定土壤C和土壤湿度的梯度将草地土壤的微生物群落彼此区分开，而土壤pH和管理投入（如肥料，农药和除草剂）则将耕作土壤与草地土壤的微生物群落区分开。地中海气候中的降雨可能对农业土壤和草地土壤中的微生物进程和群落产生不同的影响，其中土壤和土壤中碳和氮的可利用性（即资源丰富度）因土地利用历史而异。草原的碳和氮库比耕地高。微量N气体和二氧化碳外排量增加，但土壤C和N池对温和的干湿循环无响应。再湿润优先增加了资源丰富的草原土壤的活性，但在资源贫乏的草原和耕作土壤中，微生物群落组成和生理状况的时间变化较少。在支持本地多年生束生草 Nassella pulchra 的土地利用中，研究了植物的存在和季节性对微生物群落，活性和土壤资源的影响。在给定地点内，微生物群落按季节区分。带有植物的土壤支持的微生物群落不同于冬季和/或春季的裸露土壤。区分植物与裸露土壤的PLFA因地点而异，表明土地使用历史和相关环境条件影响了微生物群落。群落的变化对应于微生物呼吸和净矿化氮的增加，表明群落组成和功能之间可能存在联系。

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