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Perceptions of chemicals in society: Three perspectives.

机译：社会对化学物质的看法：三种观点。

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Chemicals have become a common part of modern society used by consumers in their everyday lives and by corporations in commercial and industrial processes. Despite widespread use, thorough testing has been completed on only a small number of the tens of thousands of chemicals in use. Nearly three quarters of the approximately three thousand, high production volume (HPV) chemicals (produced or imported in amounts exceeding one million pounds per year) lack even basic toxicity testing. The chemical industry and the EPA have initiated a program to perform basic testing of HPV chemicals, but these activities seem unlikely to result in consumer protective actions in the near future. This thesis examines the use of public perception research to promote alternatives to regulatory management of chemical use.; This research focuses on three areas. The first project examines the effects of household cleaning product odors and labels on product use behavior relevant to exposure. Behavioral experiments found that product odor has a significant effect on product preference and a potential effect on the amount of product used. The second project examines perceptions of perchloroethylene (PCE) use in dry cleaning. Interviews with dry cleaners and dry cleaning customers identified gaps in knowledge of the dry cleaning process and the processes of PCE release, exposure, and potential health effects. The third project examines public perceptions of the chemical industry in general. Interviews in two communities, one with a significant industry presence, identified many positive and negative impressions of the industry and its impacts on society.; These projects show that there are opportunities for non-regulatory policies aimed at reducing exposure to chemicals in society including: product odors policies aimed at reducing exposure; communications aimed at dry cleaners and dry cleaning customers to alter their behavior; and chemical industry and government activities that respond to concerns raised about the impacts of chemical industry activities. The results provide insight into public perceptions that can be incorporated into such policies designed to inform and improve the actions and communications of individuals, companies, industry, government and public interest groups.
机译：化学品已成为现代社会的组成部分，在消费者的日常生活中以及公司在商业和工业过程中使用。尽管已广泛使用，但仅对所使用的数万种化学品中的一小部分完成了彻底的测试。在大约三千种高产量（HPV）化学品（每年生产或进口的数量超过一百万磅）中，近四分之三甚至没有进行基本的毒性测试。化工行业和EPA已启动了一项对HPV化学品进行基本测试的计划，但这些活动似乎不太可能在不久的将来导致消费者采取保护行动。本文探讨了利用公众认知研究来推广替代化学品使用管理的方法。这项研究集中在三个领域。第一个项目研究了家用清洁产品的气味和标签对与暴露有关的产品使用行为的影响。行为实验发现，产品气味对产品偏爱有显着影响，对产品使用量有潜在影响。第二个项目研究了干洗中使用全氯乙烯（PCE）的看法。与干洗店和干洗店客户的访谈确定了在干洗过程以及PCE释放，暴露和潜在的健康影响过程方面的知识差距。第三个项目考察了公众对化学工业的总体看法。在两个社区的访谈中，一个社区具有重要的行业影响力，发现了对该行业及其对社会的影响的许多正面和负面印象。这些项目表明，旨在减少社会对化学物质接触的非管制政策有很多机会，其中包括：旨在减少接触化学物质的气味政策；针对干洗店和干洗店客户的通信，以改变他们的行为；化学工业和政府活动，以回应人们对化学工业活动影响的担忧。结果提供了对公众看法的见解，可以将其纳入旨在为个人，公司，行业，政府和公共利益团体的行为和沟通提供信息并改善其行为的政策中。

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