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Development of an arsenic speciation method for drinking water and its application to human health and risk assessment.

机译：饮用水中砷形态分析方法的开发及其在人体健康和风险评估中的应用。

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Chemical speciation is essential in order to understand the toxic and carcinogenic nature of elemental contaminants found in environmental and biological systems. For example, the measurement of total arsenic content does not indicate the levels of the individual species. Analytical data on the individual species of an element present in a sample provides useful information for studying its toxicity, bioavailability, metabolism, or transport. The risk assessment of the human health associated with the ingestion of such elements via drinking water and food should therefore be based on analytical data of the individual species.; The aim of the research described in this thesis was to develop a simple, rapid, sensitive, accurate, and inexpensive on-site speciation method of the most toxic dissolved arsenic species: As (III), As (V), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsenic acid (DMA). Development criteria included ease of use under field conditions, applicable at levels of concern for drinking water, and analytical performance. The approach is based on selective retention of arsenic species on specific ion-exchange chromatography cartridges followed by selective elution and quantification using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. Water samples can be delivered to a set of three cartridges using either syringes or peristaltic pumps.; Species distribution is stable at this point, and the cartridges can be transported to the laboratory for elution and quantitative analysis. These results suggest that this method can be used for analysis of the four primary arsenic species of concern in drinking water supplies. The method developed was used to evaluate the stability of arsenic species in groundwater sample over time. It was tested at different temperatures, pH and dissolved oxygen concentrations. To estimate potential health risks of inorganic arsenic the analysis of the sources of inorganic arsenic is critical. Our analysis found that food is the greatest source of inorganic arsenic intake, especially when the arsenic concentration in drinking water is low.
机译：为了了解在环境和生物系统中发现的元素污染物的毒性和致癌性，化学形态分析至关重要。例如，总砷含量的测量不能指示单个物种的水平。样品中元素的单个种类的分析数据为研究其毒性，生物利用度，代谢或转运提供了有用的信息。因此，与通过饮用水和食物摄入此类元素有关的人类健康风险评估应基于单个物种的分析数据。本文所描述的研究的目的是开发一种对毒性最强的溶解砷物种：As（III），As（V），一甲基亚砷酸（MMA）的简单，快速，灵敏，准确和廉价的现场形成方法）和二甲基砷酸（DMA）。开发标准包括在野外条件下的易用性，适用于饮用水的关注水平以及分析性能。该方法基于将砷物质选择性保留在特定的离子交换色谱柱上，然后使用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法进行选择性洗脱和定量。可以使用注射器或蠕动泵将水样输送到三个滤筒中。此时物种分布稳定，可以将小柱运输到实验室进行洗脱和定量分析。这些结果表明，该方法可用于分析饮用水供应中所关注的四种主要砷物种。所开发的方法用于评估地下水样品中砷物种随时间的稳定性。在不同的温度，pH和溶解氧浓度下进行了测试。为了估计无机砷的潜在健康风险，分析无机砷的来源至关重要。我们的分析发现，食物是摄入无机砷的最大来源，尤其是当饮用水中砷的浓度较低时。

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