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Optimizing image quality of x-ray fluoroscopy images obtained with flat panel detectors.

机译：优化使用平板探测器获得的X射线透视图像的图像质量。

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摘要

X-ray fluoroscopy is x-ray imaging at high frame rate (typically 30 frames/s) with low x-ray exposure per frame. Fluoroscopy is used in many image-guided diagnostic and interventional procedures. Some demanding procedures can require long x-ray fluoroscopy times leading to large cumulative patient x-ray dose. Since x-ray images are quantum limited, simply reducing dose leads to unacceptable degradation in image quality. The goal of this research is to optimize fluoroscopy image acquisition and processing so as to lower exposure while maintaining, or improving image quality.; An important component of the fluoroscopy imaging chain is the clinician viewing the images, and any image quality evaluation should include the human observer. Therefore, in these studies processing and acquisition techniques were evaluated using objective, quantitative, visual task-based measures of image quality.; Digital filtering of x-ray fluoroscopy sequences can be used to improve the quality of images acquired at low x-ray exposure. Two filters were evaluated: a spatio-temporal, non-linear filter and a temporal filter. Filtering significantly improved detection and discrimination of targets, and clinical backgrounds affected filter performance when quantum noise was significantly reduced.; Using a physics-based model of x-ray detectors, image magnification and pixel-binning in flat-panel (FP) detectors were optimized. First, image intensifier (II) analog magnification was compared with FP digital magnification in a clinically relevant task of detecting a partially deployed stent. Results show that FP digital magnification can be useful in improving detection and is dose efficient when compared to IT analog magnification.; Second, pixel-binning was examined in FP detectors. Conventional data-line (D) and gate-line (G) binning was evaluated along with a third novel method in which alternate frames in an image sequence used D and G-binning. The results suggest an exposure-dependent detector binning that switches between D-binning and alternate binning at low and high exposures, respectively.; Computational observer models were developed that incorporate features of human visual processing. Models were mostly consistent with observer data and were used to predict similar processing. A combination of such modeling and observer experiments can be used as a paradigm to develop optimal image processing and acquisition in fluoroscopy.
机译：X射线荧光透视法是以高帧速率（通常为30帧/秒）进行X射线成像，而每帧具有较低的X射线曝光量。透视检查法在许多图像引导的诊断和介入程序中使用。一些要求严格的程序可能需要较长的X射线透视时间，从而导致患者累积大量X射线剂量。由于X射线图像受量子限制，因此简单地减少剂量会导致图像质量下降到不可接受的程度。该研究的目的是优化荧光透视图像的采集和处理，以降低曝光量，同时保持或改善图像质量。荧光透视成像链的重要组成部分是查看图像的临床医生，任何图像质量评估都应包括人类观察者。因此，在这些研究中，使用客观，定量，基于视觉任务的图像质量度量来评估处理和采集技术。 X射线荧光透视序列的数字过滤可用于提高在低X射线曝光下获取的图像的质量。评价了两个滤波器：时空，非线性滤波器和时间滤波器。过滤显着改善了目标的检测和辨别力，当量子噪声显着降低时，临床背景也影响了过滤性能。使用基于物理的X射线检测器模型，对平板（FP）检测器中的图像放大率和像素合并进行了优化。首先，在临床相关的检测部分展开的支架的任务中，将图像增强器（II）的模拟放大率与FP数字放大率进行了比较。结果表明，与IT模拟放大倍数相比，FP数字放大倍数可用于改善检测效果，并且剂量效率高。其次，在FP检测器中检查像素合并。传统的数据线（D）和栅极线（G）装箱与第三种新颖方法一起进行了评估，在该方法中，图像序列中的交替帧使用D和G装箱。结果表明，与曝光量有关的探测器分档分别在低曝光和高曝光下在D分档和交替分档之间切换。开发了包含人类视觉处理功能的计算观察者模型。模型大部分与观察者数据一致，并被用于预测类似的过程。这种建模和观察者实验的组合可以用作范例，以开发荧光透视中的最佳图像处理和采集。

著录项

  • 作者

    Srinivas, Yogesh.;

  • 作者单位

    Case Western Reserve University.;

  • 授予单位 Case Western Reserve University.;
  • 学科 Engineering Biomedical.; Health Sciences Radiology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2002
  • 页码 154 p.
  • 总页数 154
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 生物医学工程;预防医学、卫生学;
  • 关键词

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