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Evaluation of the mutagenicity and toxicity of monoazo dyes in wastewater effluents and sludge supernatants.

机译：评价单偶氮染料在废水和污泥上清液中的致突变性和毒性。

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Azo compounds represent a broad class of commercial dyestuffs that have been found in industrial effluents and other waters worldwide. They comprise approximately 60% of all commercially produced dyes used in industry. Large portions of these azo dyes manage to migrate into the environment. Due to the recalcitrant nature and potential mutagenicity of many azo dyes, this release could result in significant human and/or environmental health hazards. This research focused on the fate, as well as the mutagenicity and toxicity, of selected azo dyes and their metabolites, in suspended growth systems, when subjected to treatment in anaerobic and aerobic processes. The Ames Test and the Microtox™ test were performed to determine the mutagenicity and toxicity, respectively, associated with these compounds.; The azo dyes selected for this research were Eriochrome Black T, Eriochrome Blue Black B, Eriochrome Black A, and Palatine Chrome Black. These dyes were selected because all are monoazo dyes with a single sulfonate group. In addition, these dyes compliment each other structurally in that Eriochrome Black T and A contain the nitro group while the others lack this group. Also, Eriochrome Black T and Blue Black B are formed using alpha-naphthol while the other two are formed using beta-naphthol.; Findings show that none of the four dyes were readily aerobically biodegradable. In general, the dyes Eriochrome Blue Black B and Palatine Chrome Black were significantly adsorbed to the anaerobic sludge. Eriochrome Black T was apparently degraded in the anaerobic sludge, but not mineralized, releasing mutagenic metabolites into solution. The mutagenicity associated with these metabolites was removed once exposed to aerobic treatment in a combined anaerobic/aerobic treatment system. Eriochrome Black A, while initially absorbed to the anaerobic sludge, broke down over time releasing toxic and mutagenic metabolites from the sludge. All of the dyes demonstrated mutagenic activity in the Ames test. The presence of a nitro group on the dye increased the mutagenic response elicited in the Ames test. Metabolites from Eriochrome Black A and Palatine Chrome C elicited toxic responses in the Microtox™ test. Since azo dye mutagenicity and toxicity appears to be related to dye structure, this information could be used to create non-mutagenic azo dyes.
机译：偶氮化合物代表一类广泛的商业染料，已在全球工业废水和其他水中发现。它们占工业上所有商业生产的染料的约60％。这些偶氮染料的大部分设法迁移到环境中。由于许多偶氮染料的顽固性和潜在诱变性，这种释放可能导致严重的人类和/或环境健康危害。这项研究的重点是悬浮的生长系统中经过厌氧和好氧处理的特定偶氮染料及其代谢产物的命运以及致突变性和毒性。进行Ames试验和Microtox™试验，分别测定与这些化合物有关的诱变性和毒性。选择用于本研究的偶氮染料是Eriochrome Black T，Eriochrome Blue Black B，Eriochrome Black A和Palatine Chrome Black。选择这些染料是因为它们都是具有单个磺酸酯基团的单偶氮染料。此外，这些染料在结构上相互补充，因为Eriochrome Black T和A含有硝基，而其他的则没有该基团。同样，Eriochrome Black T和Blue Black B是使用α-萘酚形成的，而其他两种是使用β-萘酚形成的。研究结果表明，四种染料均不容易被需氧生物降解。通常，染料Eriochrome Blue Black B和Palatine Chrome Black被显着吸附到厌氧污泥中。 Eriochrome Black T在厌氧污泥中明显降解，但未矿化，将诱变代谢产物释放到溶液中。一旦在厌氧/好氧联合处理系统中进行好氧处理，与这些代谢产物相关的诱变性就被去除了。铬黑A最初被厌氧污泥吸收后，随时间分解，从污泥中释放出有毒和致突变性的代谢产物。在Ames试验中，所有染料均表现出诱变活性。染料上硝基的存在增加了Ames试验引起的诱变反应。 Eriochrome Black A和Palatine Chrome C的代谢产物在Microtox™测试中引起毒性反应。由于偶氮染料的致突变性和毒性似乎与染料结构有关，因此该信息可用于创建非诱变的偶氮染料。

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