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首页> 外文学位 >Characterization and mitigation of risks associated with aquatic organism exposures to chlorpyrifos and chlorothalonil.
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Characterization and mitigation of risks associated with aquatic organism exposures to chlorpyrifos and chlorothalonil.

机译：表征和减轻与水生生物接触毒死rif和百菌清相关的风险。

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摘要

Extensively used in agricultural and urban settings, chlorpyrifos (an insecticide) and chlorothalonil (a fungicide) are transported in stormwater runoff and can pose risks to receiving aquatic system biota. Overall objectives of this dissertation research were: (1) to characterize responses of Ceriodaphnia dubia Richard and Pimephales promelas Rafinesque exposed to individual aqueous solutions of chlorpyrifos and chlorothalonil; (2) to characterize responses of C. dubia and P. promelas in simultaneous and sequential exposures to aqueous mixtures of chlorpyrifos and chlorothalonil; (3) to determine removal rates of chlorpyrifos and chlorothalonil from simulated stormwater runoff in constructed wetland mesocosms; and (4) to measure declines of mortality of C. dubia and P. promelas in exposures to simulated stormwater runoff treated in constructed wetland mesocosms. Exposures of C. dubia and P. promelas to individual solutions of chlorpyrifos and chlorothalonil were used to obtain mortality and sublethal effects data. Those data were then used to predict concentrations of chlorpyrifos and chlorothalonil that would individually elicit partial mortality in simultaneous and sequential exposures to aqueous mixtures of the pesticides. Constructed wetland mesocosm experiments were conducted with simulated stormwater runoff containing risk-based and field-based concentrations of chlorpyrifos and chlorothalonil. In the individual pesticide characterization experiments, C. dubia was more sensitive to chlorpyrifos and P. promelas was more sensitive to chlorothalonil. There were also differences in exposure durations of the pesticides necessary to elicit effects. Less than additive effects were observed in C. dubia exposures to chlorpyrifos and chlorothalonil mixtures, while greater than additive effects were observed in P. promelas exposures. In the constructed wetland mesocosm experiment with field-based concentrations of the pesticide mixture, toxicity was eliminated for P. promelas but not for C. dubia , although a significant decrease in toxicity was observed with C. dubia. First order removal rates were 0.039/h for chlorpyrifos and 0.295/h for chlorothalonil in these experiments. The results from this study indicated that constructed wetlands could be part of an efficient mitigation strategy for stormwater runoff containing these pesticides.
机译：毒死rif（一种杀虫剂）和百菌清（一种杀真菌剂）广泛用于农业和城市环境，它们在雨水径流中运输，可能给水生生物群落带来风险。本论文研究的总体目标是：（1）表征暴露在毒死rif和百菌清水溶液中的 dubia斜纹夜蛾 Richard和 Pimephales promelas Rafinesque的反应; （2）表征 C的响应。同时或依次暴露于毒死rif和百菌清的水性混合物中的dubia 和； （3）确定人工湿地中尺度环境中模拟雨水径流中毒死rif和百菌清的去除率; （4）测量 C. dubia 和 P死亡率的下降。人工湿地中观处理的模拟雨水径流暴露中的promelas 。 C. dubia 和 P的暴露。用毒死rif和百菌清各自溶液的promelas 获得死亡率和亚致死作用数据。然后将这些数据用于预测毒死rif和百菌清的浓度，这些毒死simultaneous和百菌清的浓度在同时和依次接触农药的水混合物时会引起部分死亡。用模拟的雨水径流进行了人工湿地中观试验，模拟的雨水径流含有毒死rif和百菌清的基于风险的浓度和基于现场的浓度。在单个农药表征实验中，。 dubia 对毒死rif和 P更为敏感。 promelas 对百菌清更敏感。引起作用所必需的农药接触时间也存在差异。在<斜体> C中观察不到小于加和的作用。 dubia 暴露于毒死rif和百菌清混合物中，而 P则观察到大于加和作用。摄入量。在使用田间浓度的农药混合物进行的人工湿地介观试验中，消除了<斜体> P的毒性。 proitales ，但不是 C。 dubia ，尽管 C. dubia 的毒性明显降低。在这些实验中，毒死rif的一级去除速率为0.039 / h，百菌清为0.295 / h。这项研究的结果表明，人工湿地可能是含有这些农药的雨水径流有效缓解策略的一部分。

著录项

  • 作者

    Sherrard, Ricky Mac.;

  • 作者单位

    Clemson University.;

  • 授予单位 Clemson University.;
  • 学科 Environmental Sciences.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2002
  • 页码 146 p.
  • 总页数 146
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 环境科学基础理论;
  • 关键词

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