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Rubber-to-metal bonding: An investigation of chemical reactions and adhesion at the interface.

机译：橡胶与金属的粘合：对化学反应和界面粘合的研究。

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Adhesion of rubber to steel plays an important role in many areas of technology. However, adhesion of natural rubber (NR) to most metals is poor due to the polarity of the rubber surface. In order to obtain adhesion, the substrates are often plated with brass, which is one of the few metals that NR will adhere to.; The goal of this research was to elucidate the chemistry between rubber and brass at the interface and to develop primers that could replace the brass plating. Rubber fracture and model rubber experiments were used to determine the mechanisms responsible for adhesion between rubber and brass. Plasma polymerization was used to develop acetylene primers to replace brass plating.; In the rubber fracture experiments, failure surfaces from rubber/brass lap joints and single wire adhesion tests were analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and infrared spectroscopy (IR). It was concluded that a rubber boundary layer existed, which consisted of high levels of oxidation and silicon that were related to adhesion failure. The composition of this layer depended on cure cycle.; Model rubber experiments were used to determine the effects of two vulcanization accelerators, N,N-dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide and N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide, on the reactions between rubber and brass. Squalene, a low molecular weight hydrocarbon was used in place of NR. The chemical reactions between rubber and brass were characterized by IR, Raman, and XPS analysis. Analysis of the brass substrates after reaction with the model rubber systems showed that stearates, copper oxide, and sulfides formed initially on the surface. This was followed by squalene deposition and polyene formation (crosslinking). The rates at which these reactions occurred depended on the accelerator.; Plasma-polymerized acetylene primers were developed using a microwave reactor. It was determined that low levels of fragmentation of acetylene molecules led to good adhesion in the rubber/plasma film/steel system. Fragmentation was controlled by the processing parameters, such as pressure, power and flow ratio used in the deposition process. Rubber/steel lap joints prepared from steel adherends coated with plasma-polymerized acetylene films outperformed joints prepared from brass-plated steel adherends in tests of initial adhesion and durability of adhesion.
机译：橡胶对钢的粘合在许多技术领域中都起着重要作用。但是，由于橡胶表面的极性，天然橡胶（NR）对大多数金属的粘合性很差。为了获得附着力，通常在基板上镀黄铜，黄铜是NR会附着的几种金属之一。这项研究的目的是阐明界面处橡胶和黄铜之间的化学性质，并开发可以替代黄铜镀层的底漆。使用橡胶断裂和模型橡胶实验来确定引起橡胶与黄铜之间粘附的机理。等离子聚合用于开发乙炔底漆，以代替黄铜电镀。在橡胶断裂实验中，使用X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和红外光谱（IR）分析了橡胶/黄铜搭接接头的破坏面和单线附着力测试。结论是存在橡胶边界层，其由高水平的氧化和硅组成，这与粘附失败有关。该层的组成取决于固化周期。模型橡胶实验用于确定两种硫化促进剂，N，N-二环己基-2-苯并噻唑亚磺酰胺和N-叔丁基-2-苯并噻唑亚磺酰胺对橡胶与黄铜反应的影响。角鲨烯，一种低分子量的烃代替NR。橡胶和黄铜之间的化学反应通过IR，拉曼和XPS分析进行了表征。与模型橡胶体系反应后对黄铜基材的分析表明，硬脂酸盐，氧化铜和硫化物最初在表面形成。随后是角鲨烯沉积和多烯形成（交联）。这些反应发生的速率取决于促进剂。使用微波反应器开发了等离子体聚合的乙炔底漆。已经确定，乙炔分子的低水平的断裂导致在橡胶/等离子膜/钢系统中的良好粘附。碎片是由处理参数控制的，例如沉积过程中使用的压力，功率和流量比。在初始粘合力和粘合耐久性测试中，由涂有等离子聚合乙炔薄膜的钢粘附体制备的橡胶/钢搭接接头的性能优于由镀黄铜钢粘附体制备的接头。

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