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首页> 外文学位 >Backwardness and biology: Medicine and power in Russian and Soviet Central Asia, 1868--1934.
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Backwardness and biology: Medicine and power in Russian and Soviet Central Asia, 1868--1934.

机译：落后与生物学：1868--1934年，俄罗斯和苏联中亚的医学与权力。

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摘要

This dissertation traces the evolution of modern medical institutions alongside that of Russian and Soviet policies towards indigenous Central Asians, from the establishment of the Imperial colony through the mid-1930s. Based on two years of archival research in Uzbekistan and Russia, the dissertation demonstrates how medical science helped Russia construct its own identity as an “advanced” nation using the colonial powers as a reference point, as it scientifically substantiated the “backwardness” of Central Asians, both in their physical nature and in their byt, or daily lives. Throughout the period, Russian and Soviet medical practitioners pointed in particular to indigenous gender norms as a source of ill-health, and allied with the state in its attempts to transform them. Chapter One discusses Russia's civilizing mission in Turkestan, and demonstrates medical professionals' sense of colonial inadequacy. Conscious of the strides of European colleagues in their own colonies, and impatient with the Imperial order's paternalism toward the professions, as well as its passivity towards a culture they viewed as not only inferior but dangerously unhealthful, physicians strove to impose their paradigm of health and healing with greater force. Chapters Two and Three document the re-creation of health care institutions in the region through 1928, showing how indigenous political elites deployed the language of backwardness, of “degeneration” and the policy of korenizatsiia, or indigenization, to demand greater attention to the indigenous health. Chapter Four argues that increasing calls to assimilate Central Asians into the Soviet order throughout the decade gave rise to medical research which portrayed indigenous people as racially alien and inferior. The elevation of the category of class above all other organizing principles in public health is the subject of Chapter Five. This period, during the collectivization and industrialization drives of 1929–32, saw radical attempts to transform byt through public health, and to implement eugenic measures. Changing nationality policies and the creation of a new, Soviet scientific orthodoxy ultimately eliminated race and nationality as permissible parameters for medical research and the provision of health care.
机译：本文从帝国殖民地建立到1930年代中期，追溯了现代医疗机构的发展以及俄罗斯和苏联对中亚土著的政策演变。基于对乌兹别克斯坦和俄罗斯的两年档案研究，论文展示了医学如何以殖民地力量为参照点，帮助俄罗斯构建了自己作为“先进”国家的身份，因为它科学地证明了中亚人的“落后” ，无论是自然属性还是 byt 或日常生活。在此期间，俄罗斯和苏联的医生特别指出土著性别规范是造成健康不良的根源，并与国家联手尝试改变这些规范。第一章讨论了俄罗斯在土耳其斯坦的文明使命，并展示了医疗专业人员的殖民地意识不足。意识到欧洲同事在自己殖民地所取得的巨大进步，并且对帝国主义对专业的家长式态度以及对他们不仅认为劣等但有害于健康的文化的消极态度不耐烦，医生们力图施加自己的健康和精神范式用更大的力量治愈。第二章和第三章记录了直到1928年该地区医疗机构的重新创建，显示了土著政治精英如何部署落后语言，“堕落”和 korenizatsiia 或本土化政策，要求更多地关注土著人民的健康。第四章认为，在过去的十年中，越来越多的人要求将中亚人纳入苏维埃社会秩序，这引起了医学研究的出现，该研究将土著人民描述为种族外来和下等种族。第五章的主题是将阶级的类别提升到公共卫生中所有其他组织原则之上。在1929-32年的集体化和工业化进程中，这一时期进行了激进的尝试，试图通过公共卫生来改变“斜体”和“实施优生措施”。不断变化的国籍政策和新的苏联科学正统思想的创立最终消除了种族和国籍，这是医学研究和提供医疗保健的许可参数。

著录项

  • 作者

    Cavanaugh, Cassandra Marie.;

  • 作者单位

    Columbia University.;

  • 授予单位 Columbia University.;
  • 学科 History European.; History of Science.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2001
  • 页码 412 p.
  • 总页数 412
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 欧洲史;自然科学史;
  • 关键词

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