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A study of waterbirds wintering in Mission Bay combining field methods and GIS.

机译：结合现场方法和GIS对米申湾越冬的水鸟进行了研究。

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摘要

Mission Bay (San Diego, California) is located along the Pacific Flyway and is an important habitat for waterbirds in the winter. Little has been documented about this habitat and this project aims to create a baseline to establish an understanding of how waterbirds use Mission Bay, as well as comparing current bird species presence to presence in the past.;Mission Bay was divided into grid areas and each was surveyed twice daily at high and low tides. Waterbird activity included foraging, non-foraging, and flying was recorded during each survey over a two-year period from mid-October through January in 2013--2015. Data extracted from this dataset were combined with wetland area, natural area and historic wetland area and was analyzed to understand relationships of independent variables by bird group using a Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial regression model and by waterbird biodiversity using an Ordinary Least Squares regression model. In addition, waterbird habitat was documented across natural and man-made areas.;More waterbird species were sighted during contemporary surveys in comparison to historic data from the 1950's and 1970's with similar biodiversity estimates determined for San Diego Bay. Results indicated that geographical area and the presence of wetland habitat significantly affected the biodiversity of waterbirds using Mission Bay in the winter with the highest biodiversity occurring in the largest wetland area in the Kendall-Frost Mission Bay Marsh Preserve. The combination of high biodiversity occurring in the largest wetland area with restricted access to the marsh suggests that human disturbance reduces species richness in this area, confirming the impact of disturbance on sensitive waterbird species cited in other research. Most bird groups favored north Mission Bay with the exception of herons and gulls that preferred southern areas of the bay, likely due to opportunistic interaction with humans, as gulls demonstrated a negative association to natural area size. Favorable conditions occurred mid-winter for Eared Grebe (Podiceps nigricollis ) and Pacific Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) as the height of the population appeared early in winter. Presence and activity of shorebirds were associated with tidal cycle with shorebirds foraging at low tide and non-foraging activities at high tide. Cooler water temperature was preferred across several bird groups including Black Brant which may be in response to eelgrass fluctuation. Overall, more bird abundance and biodiversity were present the second year compared to the first. Twenty-two waterbird species out 72 of the total species documented during the project used man-made resources during winter and this may be at an advantage in the future compared to more sensitive species as wetland loss occurs with climate change and the increase in urbanization in natural areas. Increasing wetland area through ongoing restoration and reproduction of wetland habitat of similar quality may maintain or increase species richness with a higher carrying capacity of waterbird numbers present today.
机译：米申湾（加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥）位于太平洋的天桥旁，是冬季水鸟的重要栖息地。关于该栖息地的文献很少，该项目旨在建立基线，以建立对水鸟如何使用任务湾的了解，并比较当前鸟类的存在与过去的存在。任务湾分为网格区域，每个区域每天在涨潮和退潮时进行两次调查。从2013年10月中旬至2013年1月的两年时间里，每次调查都记录了水鸟的活动，包括觅食，非觅食和飞行。从该数据集提取的数据与湿地面积，自然面积和历史湿地面积相结合，并进行了分析，以了解使用零膨胀负二项式回归模型的鸟类群和使用普通最小二乘回归模型的水鸟生物多样性的自变量之间的关系。此外，在自然和人造区域记录了水鸟的栖息地。与1950年代和1970年代的历史数据相比，当代调查中发现了更多的水鸟物种，而圣地亚哥湾的生物多样性估计也相似。结果表明，冬季使用米申湾的地理区域和湿地栖息地的存在对水鸟的生物多样性有显着影响，肯德尔弗罗斯特米申湾沼泽保护区最大的湿地地区生物多样性最高。在最大的湿地地区发生的高生物多样性与有限的沼泽进入相结合，表明人为干扰降低了该地区的物种丰富度，证实了干扰对其他研究中提及的敏感水鸟物种的影响。大多数鸟类都偏爱北部的米申湾，但鹭和海鸥偏爱海湾的南部地区，这可能是由于与人类的机会性互动，因为海鸥显示出与自然面积的大小呈负相关。冬季早些时候，有耳Gre（Podiceps nigricollis）和太平洋黑布兰特（Branta bernicla nigricans）出现了有利条件。 shore的存在和活动与潮汐周期有关，with在低潮时觅食，高潮时不觅食。在包括黑勃兰特（Black Brant）在内的几个鸟类群中，最好采用较凉的水温，这可能是由于鳗鱼的波动引起的。总体而言，与第一年相比，第二年出现了更多的鸟类丰度和生物多样性。在该项目记录的全部物种中，有72种中的22种水鸟物种在冬季使用了人工资源，与更敏感的物种相比，这可能是未来的一个优势，因为随着气候变化和城市化进程的加快，湿地流失。自然区域。通过不断恢复和繁殖具有类似质量的湿地栖息地来增加湿地面积，可以维持或增加物种丰富度，并具有更高的水鸟数量承载能力。

著录项

  • 作者

    Handa, Lesley Mika.;

  • 作者单位

    San Diego State University.;

  • 授予单位 San Diego State University.;
  • 学科 Geographic information science and geodesy.;Biostatistics.;Zoology.;Remote sensing.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2016
  • 页码 75 p.
  • 总页数 75
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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