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A computer simulation study on the potential locomotor patterns of Australopithecus afarensis (A.L. 288-1).

机译：计算机模拟研究法氏古猿（A.L. 288-1）的潜在运动模式。

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摘要

The skeleton of Australopithecus afarensis A.L. 288-1 (better known as “Lucy”) is by far the most complete record (approximately 40%) of locomotor morphology of early hominids currently available. Even though researchers agree that the postcranial skeleton of Lucy shows morphological features indicative of bipedality, there are intense discussions regarding the manner in which she could have walked; that is, whether she could have walked in a manner that is similar to that of modern humans (upright, straight-legged locomotion) or whether she could have walked with bent-hips and bent-knees, as chimpanzees do when they walk bipedally. This is partly because several morphological features suggest that Lucy most likely walked like a human, whereas several other morphological features suggest that Lucy most likely walked like a chimpanzee. The purpose of this study was to address this question using the methodology of forward dynamic computer simulation. Two (one human-like and one chimpanzee-like) detailed three-dimensional musculoskeletal models of Lucy were developed. These models were driven by lower limb muscles (52 for the human-like model and 56 for the chimpanzee-like model), with muscle activation profiles as the only inputs. Muscle activation profiles that produce a step of human-like locomotion and a step of chimpanzee-like locomotion, while at the same time minimizing the energy consumed per meter traveled, were searched through numerical optimization. The numerical optimization of the muscle activation profiles resulted in natural-looking locomotor kinematics. The energy consumption per meter traveled during chimpanzee-like locomotion was more than twice the amount of energy consumption during human-like locomotion. On the other hand, the chimpanzee-like locomotion was only slightly more robust against external perturbations. Therefore, from the perspectives of both energy consumption as well as functional stability, it is most likely that Lucy walked in a manner that is similar to the way in which modern humans walk today.
机译：迄今为止， Australopithecus afarensis A.L. 288-1的骨架（被称为“ Lucy”）是目前可获得的早期原始人运动形态最完整的记录（约40％）。尽管研究人员同意露西的颅后骨骼显示出表明两足动物的形态特征，但人们仍在激烈地讨论她的行走方式。也就是说，她是否可以以类似于现代人类的方式走路（直立，直腿的运动），或者是否可以像黑猩猩两足动物那样走路时弯曲臀部和弯曲的膝盖。部分原因是，一些形态特征表明露西最有可能像人类一样行走，而其他几个形态特征表明露西最有可能像黑猩猩一样行走。这项研究的目的是使用正向动态计算机仿真的方法来解决这个问题。开发了两个（一个像人的黑猩猩，一个像黑猩猩的）详细的三维肌肉骨骼模型。这些模型是由下肢肌肉驱动的（人类模型为52，黑猩猩模型为56），其中肌肉激活曲线是唯一的输入。通过数值优化来搜索产生人类运动和黑猩猩运动的肌肉激活曲线，同时将每米行驶所消耗的能量最小化。肌肉激活曲线的数值优化产生了看上去自然的运动运动学。在类似黑猩猩的运动过程中，每米所消耗的能量是在类似​​人类的运动过程中所消耗的能量的两倍以上。另一方面，类似黑猩猩的运动在抵抗外部干扰方面仅稍强一些。因此，从能耗和功能稳定性的角度来看，露西最有可能以与当今现代人的行走方式相似的方式行走。

著录项

  • 作者

    Nagano, Akinori.;

  • 作者单位

    Arizona State University.;

  • 授予单位 Arizona State University.;
  • 学科 Engineering Biomedical.; Health Sciences Recreation.; Anthropology Physical.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2001
  • 页码 163 p.
  • 总页数 163
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 生物医学工程;预防医学、卫生学;人类学;
  • 关键词

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