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A molecular approach to the community ecology of parasites of freshwater fish.

机译：淡水鱼寄生虫社区生态学的分子方法。

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摘要

Freshwater fish have been model hosts in the study of the community and evolutionary ecology of parasites for decades. Most studies have dealt only with adult parasites, although larval stages often dominate fish parasite communities. In addition, few studies include replicates of both host species and sampling localities. For this thesis, both larval and adult parasites were surveyed in six fish species (Notemigonus crysoleucas, Pimephales notatus, Perca flavescens, Etheostoma nigrum, Lepomis gibbosus, Ambloplites rupestris) collected from six localities in the St. Lawrence River and molecular techniques were used to distinguish species of strigeid metacercariae (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda). Novel primers were developed to sequence the barcode region of the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene and sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA were also obtained. Both markers indicated unexpectedly high numbers of species in strigeid metacercariae, but resolution between species was clearer with COI than with ITS sequences. Strigeid species inhabiting the lens of the eye of fish were significantly less host specific than species inhabiting other tissues, possibly due to limited immune activity in the lens. Patterns of host specificity were consistent across the separate fish communities, which included fish species that are ecologically distinctive but closely related. Together, these findings suggest that physiological incompatibility between host and parasite is a more important determinant of host specificity than the ecological availability of host species to parasites in strigeid metacercariae. The high host specificity of most strigeid species had important effects on the parasite communities as a whole. Closely related fish species showed a significant tendency to have similar parasite communities that was much stronger than the tendency of parasite communities in spatially proximate fish to be similar. Geographic distance was strongly associated with parasite community similarity only when comparisons were limited to fish of the same species. Host taxonomy explained much more structure in parasite communities than spatial categories, suggesting that host phylogeny is more important than habitat in determining parasite community composition and abundance.
机译：几十年来，淡水鱼一直是寄生虫群落和进化生态学研究的模型宿主。大多数研究只针对成虫寄生虫，尽管幼虫阶段通常在鱼类寄生虫群落中占主导地位。此外，很少有研究包含寄主物种和采样地点的复制品。在本论文中，从圣劳伦斯河的六个地方收集了六个鱼类（Notemigonus crysoleucas，Pimephales notatus，Perca flavescens，Etheostoma nigrum，Lepomis gibbosus，Ambloplites rupestris）的幼虫和成虫寄生虫，并使用分子技术进行了调查。区分顽固的尾cer（Platyhelminthes：Trematoda）。开发了新型引物对细胞色素c氧化酶I（COI）基因的条形码区域进行测序，并获得了核糖体DNA内部转录间隔区（ITS）区域的序列。两种标记都表明在巨大的尾cer虫中菌种数量很高，但是与ITS序列相比，COI的菌种分辨率更高。居住在鱼眼晶状体中的混生物种的宿主特异性明显低于居住在其他组织中的物种，这可能是由于晶状体中有限的免疫活性所致。在不同的鱼类群落中，宿主特异性的模式是一致的，其中包括在生态上具有独特性但密切相关的鱼类。在一起，这些发现表明，宿主和寄生虫之间的生理不相容性是宿主特异性的一个重要决定因素，而宿主物种对ge突meta尾para虫的寄生虫的生态利用度则更为重要。大多数混生种的高宿主特异性对整个寄生虫群落都有重要影响。密切相关的鱼类显示出具有相似寄生虫群落的显着趋势，该趋势比在空间上接近的鱼类中相似的寄生虫群落的趋势要强得多。仅当比较仅限于相同物种的鱼类时，地理距离才与寄生虫群落相似性密切相关。寄主分类学解释寄生虫群落的结构比空间类别解释的要多得多，这表明寄主系统发育在确定寄生虫群落的组成和丰度方面比栖息地更为重要。

著录项

  • 作者

    Locke, Sean.;

  • 作者单位

    Concordia University (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 Concordia University (Canada).;
  • 学科 Biology Ecology.;Biology Parasitology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2010
  • 页码 170 p.
  • 总页数 170
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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