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Step negotiation biomechanics during truck cab egress and the effects of anthropometrics and cab design on driver fall biomechanics etiology.

机译：在卡车驾驶室驶出过程中逐步协商生物力学，以及人体测量学和驾驶室设计对驾驶员跌倒生物力学病因的影响。

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摘要

Slips and falls during egress from heavy truck cabs are a major contributor to injury and disability for truck drivers. A large-scale laboratory study was conducted to quantify the dynamics of ingress/egress (IE) for Class 7 and 8 commercial truck cabs. A simulated truck cab was constructed in a laboratory allowing manipulation of many geometric variables affecting ingress and egress. Experienced commercial truck drivers were recruited to participate. Subjective responses and anthropometric information for all participants were obtained along with detailed biomechanical data, including whole-body kinematics and reaction forces on the ground, steps, and handholds.;This study involves three-dimensional reconstruction of truck driver egress motions, detailed analysis of spatiotemporal parameters and driver behaviors (i.e., IE tactics), as well as a description of access system egress cycles and methods of analyses. In addition, the influence of cab design and driver anthropometric and behavioral factors on biomechanical parameters are investigated. This research also provides a detailed quantitative description of the driver interaction with the cab elements (steps and handholds) and presents valuable insight into the dynamics of cab egress that will allow for a more accurate definition of etiological risk factors for slipping during truck cab egress.;In summary, driver biomechanics largely depends on their interaction with the cab, tactics, foot behaviors, and the quality of contact with the steps. In general, during egress, study participants used the right handhold most frequently, followed by the door handle and then the steering wheel. Findings from this research also indicated that a portion of drivers performed egress facing away from the cab and given the prevalence of high body mass index (BMI) among this population, handhold and step location and design should incorporate the base of support (BoS) and stability metric calculations to allow such population for proper "footing" and allow for their center of mass (CoM) to be as close to the truck as possible in the event the drivers utilized the facing away egress tactic. Finally, BMI is a factor that has been associated as an indicator of increased level of risk. Therefore, driver training should include opportunities to get the drivers' weight lowered and fitness level increased. Additionally, drivers may also benefit from stability and strength training as stair stepping is physically more demanding and requires more stability when compared to walking.
机译：从重型卡车驾驶室出来时的滑倒是导致卡车司机受伤和致残的主要原因。进行了大规模的实验室研究，以量化7级和8级商用卡车驾驶室的进/出（IE）动态。在实验室中建造了一个模拟卡车驾驶室，可以操纵许多影响进出的几何变量。招聘了经验丰富的商用卡车司机。获得了所有参与者的主观反应和人体测量学信息，以及详细的生物力学数据，包括全身运动学和地面，阶跃和把手的反作用力。该研究涉及卡车驾驶员出口运动的三维重构，时空参数和驾驶员行为（即IE策略），以及对访问系统出口周期的描述和分析方法。此外，研究了驾驶室设计以及驾驶员人体测量和行为因素对生物力学参数的影响。这项研究还提供了驾驶员与驾驶室元素（台阶和把手）相互作用的详细定量描述，并提供了对驾驶室驶出动态的宝贵见解，这将使卡车驾驶室驶出过程中发生打滑的病因危险因素更为准确。 ；总之，驾驶员的生物力学在很大程度上取决于他们与驾驶室的相互作用，战术，脚部行为以及与踏板接触的质量。通常，在出站期间，研究参与者最常使用右手柄，其次是门把手，然后是方向盘。这项研究的结果还表明，部分驾驶员背对驾驶室朝外行驶，并且鉴于该人群中普遍存在高体重指数（BMI），因此手握和踏板位置和设计应包括支撑基础（BoS）和稳定性度量标准计算，以使此类人群具有适当的“立足点”，并在驾驶员采用偏向出口策略的情况下，使其质心（CoM）尽可能靠近卡车。最后，体重指数是与增加风险水平有关的一个因素。因此，驾驶员培训应包括降低驾驶员体重和提高健康水平的机会。此外，由于踏步对身体的要求更高，并且与步行相比需要更高的稳定性，因此驾驶员也可以从稳定性和力量训练中受益。

著录项

  • 作者

    Shorti, Rami M.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Utah.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Utah.;
  • 学科 Biomechanics.;Mechanical engineering.;Engineering.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2016
  • 页码 185 p.
  • 总页数 185
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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