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Analysis of oil containment failure and spreading.

机译：分析油密闭失效和扩散。

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摘要

Oil containment and spreading are the two aspects of oil slicks investigated in this study. In certain conditions, the oil is known to escape near the boom causing containment-failures. This near-boom containment failure is considered by defining a neutral-stability criterion. The uniform flow past the boom problem is studied using potential and laminar viscous flow theories. The flow patterns are presented and the neutral stability curves are determined. The results demonstrate the effects of viscosity on oil containment and also show that the containment is more likely to fail in shallow waters.; The influence of waves on the containment failure is investigated by solving wave diffraction due to boom using the linear wave theory and defining a new stability criterion to analyze containment failure in the presence of waves. The containment failure may occur only during a part of the wave cycle and the results show that the failure is more likely due to shorter waves and in shallow waters.; The spreading of oil on water is influenced by external forces such as tides, winds and waves. A three-dimensional coastal circulation model, incorporating a new numerical procedure, is developed to determine the tide- and wind-driven surface currents. The results show that the currents are parallel to coasts with a strong tidal dependency; To determine the wave-induced surface drift, a wave transformation model is developed to obtain the distribution of wave heights and directions which are, in turn, used to calculate the Eulerian surface drift. Even though the wave-induced surface drift is small compared to that of the coastal currents, its contribution to the oil transport towards the coast is significant.; Using the surface currents due to winds and tides and the wave-induced surface drift as driving forces, oil transport is formulated using a thin-layer approximation. A finite-element model is developed to determine oil thickness distributions and is applied to an hypothetical oil spill. The results indicate that the slick moves in a reversing fashion due to reversing tidal currents and splits into two parts with one in the southern area and another in the western.
机译：含油量和扩散是本研究中浮油的两个方面。在某些情况下，已知油会在动臂附近逸出，导致密封失效。通过定义中性稳定性标准来考虑这种近乎高爆的密闭失效。使用势能和层流粘性流理论研究通过悬臂问题的均匀流。给出了流型并确定了中性稳定性曲线。结果证明了粘度对含油量的影响，也表明含油量在浅水区更容易破裂。通过使用线性波理论解决由于动臂引起的波衍射并定义新的稳定性准则来分析波浪存在下的安全壳失效，研究了波浪对安全壳失效的影响。遏制失效可能仅在部分波浪周期内发生，结果表明，由于波浪较短和在浅水区，失效的可能性更大。油在水中的扩散受到潮汐，风和波浪等外力的影响。建立了一个包含新数值程序的三维沿海环流模型，以确定潮汐和风驱动的地面流。结果表明，洋流平行于沿海，具有很强的潮汐依赖性。为了确定波浪引起的表面漂移，建立了波浪转换模型以获得波浪高度和方向的分布，然后将其用于计算欧拉表面漂移。尽管波浪引起的地表漂移与沿海海流相比很小，但其对石油向海岸的运输的贡献却很大。利用由于风浪和潮汐引起的地表电流以及由波浪引起的地表漂移作为驱动力，使用薄层近似公式来制定油的运输公式。建立了一个有限元模型来确定油的厚度分布，并将其应用于假设的溢油事故。结果表明，由于逆流，浮油以逆向方式运动，并分为两部分，一个在南部，另一个在西部。

著录项

  • 作者

    Sundararaghavan, Harikrishnan.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Hawaii.;

  • 授予单位 University of Hawaii.;
  • 学科 Engineering Marine and Ocean.; Engineering Environmental.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2000
  • 页码 271 p.
  • 总页数 271
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 海洋工程;环境污染及其防治;
  • 关键词

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