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The reform of corporate governance: Major trends in the United States corporate board room, 1977--1997.

机译：公司治理改革：美国公司董事会会议室的主要趋势，1977--1997年。

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This study identified trends in corporate governance that appeared between 1977 and 1997 during the emergence of the global economy, examined these trends to find effective remedies for current corporate governance problems, and formulated guidelines for best practices for corporate governance.; The methodology followed was historical research and analysis, supplemented and cross-checked using the recounted experiences of 12 prominent U.S. corporate governance practitioners. The trends identified and analyzed in this investigation concerned the responsibilities of corporate directors to corporate shareowners and stakeholders, the roles and influences of large institutional investors, and reforms of rules governing corporate takeovers and structures of executive compensation packages.; The study findings suggest that, although corporate governance practitioners generally believe that corporate boards have driven re-evaluation and reform of corporate governance practices, most such activity was largely driven by diverse external changes that affected corporate survival and took place in a climate of heightened scrutiny of corporate governance by large institutional investors, corporate employees, communities, and government.; The proposed corporate governance guidelines are aimed at increasing the empowerment of corporate directors to maximize shareowner and stakeholder investments through corporate planning and monitoring. Recommendations include the use of board evaluations, standing committees, board job descriptions, board size reductions, and inclusion of higher percentages of independent directors, women, minorities, and foreigners in board compositions. Recommendations for the empowered board concern such topics as exercise of fiduciary and legal responsibilities, monitoring of management, design and monitoring of corporate strategic goals and compensation packages, and education of directors. One recent investor recommendation receiving wide public support, that of separating the role of CEO and board chair, appeared to be generally disadvantageous to corporate governance and unnecessary for board empowerment.
机译：这项研究确定了在全球经济出现期间在1977年至1997年之间出现的公司治理趋势，研究了这些趋势以找到针对当前公司治理问题的有效补救措施，并制定了公司治理最佳实践的准则。随后采用的方法是历史研究和分析，并使用12位美国公司治理从业人员的丰富经验进行补充和交叉核对。本次调查中确定和分析的趋势涉及公司董事对公司股东和利益相关者的责任，大型机构投资者的作用和影响，以及对公司接管规则和高管薪酬方案结构的改革。研究结果表明，尽管公司治理从业人员普遍认为公司董事会推动了公司治理实践的重新评估和改革，但大多数此类活动很大程度上是由各种外部变化驱动的，这些变化影响了公司的生存，并在严格审查的环境下进行。大型机构投资者，公司雇员，社区和政府对公司的治理。拟议的公司治理准则旨在增强公司董事的权力，以通过公司计划和监控最大化股东和利益相关者的投资。建议包括使用董事会评估，常务委员会，董事会职务说明，减少董事会规模，以及在董事会组成中包含更高比例的独立董事，女性，少数民族和外国人。对授权董事会的建议涉及诸如履行信托和法律责任，监督管理，设计和监督公司战略目标和薪酬待遇以及董事教育等主题。最近获得投资者广泛支持的一项投资者建议，即将首席执行官和董事会主席的角色分开，似乎对公司治理不利，对董事会授权没有必要。

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