The Philippine export processing zones represent the neoliberal character of the country's policies. They are a component and a microcosm of a strategy that deepens linkages with the global economy. The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze neoliberal development through this instance of neoliberalism. It proposes a framework, the neoliberal double movement, an adaptation of Polanyi's double movement. To this end, it charts the changes in Philippine EPZ policy and the impacts of the Bataan zone from their inception to 1995.; Data was gathered during field research in Manila and Bataan from 1995 to 1999. Research consisted of documentary research, zone visits, and more than 30 interviews. Interviewees included former cabinet secretaries and labor union presidents. A survey of more than 100 zone workers was also conducted.; Based on the findings, the Bataan EPZ indeed augmented the country's employment, foreign exchange earnings, and investments. However, global integration also required people to adapt. As material relations were reconfigured, those brought into the global market's sphere developed new forms of survival.; Amidst these upheavals, the zone workers' reactions were intense and widespread. However, they were not apparently challenging the strategy. Rather, they were seeking to maximize their benefits from the system. There was tolerance of the zone and their dependence on it, and thus, of their subordination to global capital. The state's response was directed toward managing the workforce rather than addressing damaging consequences. Its primary motivation was not protection but the preservation of the program.; Therefore, the analysis necessitates a reformulation of the framework. Within the revision, the state continues to play its predominant role, but the expansion of the global market economy is not constrained by a countermovement. Instead, the state is guided by a single movement, integration. However, it is neither the only actor nor the actor with the most at stake. Those whose lives are offered to the global production lines are also stakeholders. As much as neoliberal development has reshaped their conditions, they are also seeking ways to remake their new realities and squeeze out more for themselves from this neoliberal world.
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机译:iExport Australia-为出口商提供以下服务的在线平台/应用程序:出口电子商务出口拍卖在线与服务提供商进行出口相关的服务请求和投标与服务提供商的集成与货运和货运的报价集成到政府机构和海关/边境的在线文件和电子提交澳大利亚– EDI / Web Services与GS1集成在一起,用于对出口工作台进行编号和条形码编码,以管理每个出口的所有与出口,交货和银行有关的任务出口相关的潜在客户和联系人管理出口市场AI和工具