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An environmental history of the salmon management philosophies of the North Pacific: Japan, Russia, Canada, Alaska and the Pacific Northwest United States.

机译：北太平洋鲑鱼管理理念的环境史：日本，俄罗斯，加拿大，阿拉斯加和美国西北太平洋。

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Salmon management philosophies of the five salmon jurisdictions of the North Pacific (Japan, Russia, Canada, Alaska and the Pacific Northwest United States) are examined in a historical and geographic context. The principal objective is to elucidate the relative role of geography versus deliberate management action in shaping contemporary salmon management philosophies. The secondary objective is to provide a synthesis of salmon management experience across the North Pacific, to serve as a context for the professionals and private citizens involved in day-to-day salmon management. Harvest trends, species composition, regulatory actions, property rights, technological innovation, climate variability, habitat alteration, markets, international agreements, and science are reviewed for each jurisdiction over time. The source material is drawn from a variety of scholarly and popular published sources, in Russian and English. The inferred salmon management philosophies of the five jurisdictions vary in their emphasis on three primary salmon management objectives: maximizing biomass production, preserving salmon harvest communities, and conserving salmonid genetic and life history diversity. All initially heavily emphasized biomass production, except for Canada. Only Japan, and Alaska after statehood, have given moderate or great emphasis to community preservation. Among the five jurisdictions, the only two to emphasize biodiversity conservation are the Pacific Northwest United States and British Columbia, Canada. The initial species endowment of each jurisdiction, the landscape, climate variability and the cultural heritage of the dominant salmon harvesters are more critical at shaping salmon management philosophies than are incremental regulatory decisions over time. Change in salmon management philosophies, such as the shift to an emphasis on biodiversity conservation in British Columbia and the Pacific Northwest, occurs when the legal harvest rights of salmon harvester subgroups changes during a period of harvest decline. In the case of the latter two jurisdictions, the increased legal rights of native peoples have catalyzed a shift from an emphasis on biomass production to biodiversity conservation.
机译：在历史和地理背景下，考察了北太平洋五个鲑鱼辖区（日本，俄罗斯，加拿大，阿拉斯加和美国西北太平洋）的鲑鱼管理理念。主要目的是阐明地理因素与故意管理行为在塑造现代鲑鱼管理理念中的相对作用。次要目标是提供整个北太平洋鲑鱼管理经验的综合信息，为参与日常鲑鱼管理的专业人员和私人公民提供背景信息。随着时间的推移，将对每个辖区的收获趋势，物种组成，监管措施，产权，技术创新，气候多变性，生境改变，市场，国际协议和科学进行审查。原始资料来自各种学术和流行的俄语和英语出版物。五个司法管辖区的推断鲑鱼管理理念在强调三个主要鲑鱼管理目标上各有不同：最大化生物量生产，保护鲑鱼收获群落以及保护鲑鱼遗传和生活史多样性。除了加拿大，所有最初都非常强调生物质生产。只有日本和建国后的阿拉斯加，对社区保护给予了中度或高度重视。在五个司法管辖区中，仅有两个强调生物多样性保护的司法管辖区是美国西北太平洋地区和加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省。每个管辖区的初始物种end赋，主要鲑鱼捕捞者的地貌，气候多变性和文化遗产，在塑造鲑鱼管理理念时，比随着时间的推移逐步制定管理决定更为关键。鲑鱼管理理念的改变，例如在不列颠哥伦比亚省和西北太平洋地区对生物多样性保护的重视，发生在鲑鱼捕捞者分组的合法捕捞权利在捕捞减少期间发生变化时。在后两个司法管辖区，土著人民合法权利的增加促使人们从注重生物量生产转向保护生物多样性。

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