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Factors affecting hearing protector use among farmers.

机译：影响农民中听力保护器使用的因素。

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Most farmers are exposed to potentially hazardous noise levels through many of their work activities, such as working near or operating tractors, and in the farm shop. Rates of noise-induced hearing loss in this group are high. Although this condition is preventable through the use of hearing protection, rates of protective device use are low.; A study was designed using the Pender Health Promotion Model (HPM) to identify factors affecting farmers' use of hearing protection devices (HPDs). Existing instruments designed to measure concepts from the HPM were modified for use with farmers through interviews, validity testing with an expert panel, and reliability testing with first a small (n = 36) then a second larger (n = 167) convenience sample of farmers recruited at regional farm shows. Model testing was conducted with the larger sample.; HPD use among farmers was found to be low (17%), and not related to production type, occupational role, operation size, gender, or age. A logistic regression analysis identified interpersonal support, barriers, and situational influences as statistically significant predictors of this health behavior, correctly predicting 76 percent of the cases. Internal consistency reliability (measured by Cronbach's alpha or theta) of most of the newly-adapted instruments met an acceptable level (≥.70). Results of model testing were consistent with results of previous studies of HPM variables with worker groups.; More research is needed to describe the sound intensity, spectral, and impulse qualities encountered by farmers in various farming activities. Although the characteristics of farm noise are not known, hearing should be protected through engineering methods to reduce noise when possible. When sufficient noise abatement is not feasible, farmers should consistently wear hearing protection whenever they are in a high noise environment. Information from this study can be used to design and evaluate interventions to promote HPD use among farmers and reduce the level of NIHL among this high-risk and underserved worker group.
机译：大多数农民通过他们的许多工作活动（例如在拖拉机附近或在拖拉机中工作以及在农场商店工作）暴露于潜在的危险噪声水平。该组中由噪声引起的听力损失的发生率很高。尽管可以通过使用听力保护装置来预防这种情况，但是使用防护装置的比率很低。使用Pender健康促进模型（HPM）设计了一项研究，以识别影响农民使用听力保护装置（HPD）的因素。现有的用于测量HPM概念的工具已经过修改，可通过访谈，与专家小组进行有效性测试以及先对农民进行便利性的小样本（n = 36），再对后者进行较大的可靠性测试（n = 167）与农民一起使用，以供农民使用。在区域农场表演中招募。对较大的样本进行了模型测试。农民中的HPD使用率很低（17％），与生产类型，职业角色，经营规模，性别或年龄无关。逻辑回归分析确定了人际关系的支持，障碍和情境的影响是该健康行为的统计学显着预测因素，正确预测了76％的病例。大多数新采用的仪器的内部一致性可靠性（通过克伦巴赫α或theta度量）达到了可接受的水平（≥.70）。模型测试的结果与先前针对工人群体的HPM变量研究的结果一致。需要更多的研究来描述农民在各种农业活动中遇到的声音强度，频谱和脉冲质量。尽管农场噪声的特征尚不清楚，但应通过工程方法保护听力，以在可能时降低噪声。如果无法充分消除噪音，则农民在处于高噪音环境中时应始终佩戴听力保护装置。该研究的信息可用于设计和评估干预措施，以促进农民中HPD的使用并降低这一高风险和服务水平低下的工人群体中NIHL的水平。

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