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Data center power consumption reductions achievable with liquid cooling: A case study.

机译：液体冷却可降低数据中心的功耗：一个案例研究。

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摘要

Data centers consume approximately 2% of the electricity produced in the United States and this consumption continues to increase. This presents an increasing environmental challenge, largely due to the power consumption of the cooling systems needed for their thermal management. A model of data center energy utilization for thermal management based on thermo-fluid first principles was developed. The model is applied to a single rack system that can be used as an experimental platform for its validation. Two models are described, i.e., air-cooling, representing traditional data center thermal management, and a hybrid model which utilizes liquid cooling for the microprocessors and air-cooling for all other components. The air-cooling model considers a single chiller with a variable speed compressor and an off-the-shelf air-to-liquid heat exchanger. Water is used as an intermediate fluid between the refrigerant in the chiller and the air. The hybrid model replaces air cooled heat sinks on the microprocessors with cold plates and includes an additional chiller. Results were compiled to quantify the power consumption of the two cooling schemes over ranges of key variables, such as ambient temperature. For example, the air-cooled model showed a 10% reduction in energy consumption in accessory component cooling (i.e., all hardware aside from the servers) when the chiller setpoint was raised by 5°C, and the water flow rate pumped through the air-to-liquid heat exchanger was increased to accommodate this. In the hybrid model, the results showed a thermal management energy consumption decrease of more than 40% over the parametric ranges investigated relative to traditional air-cooling, illustrating the potential benefit of liquid cooling. The models can be utilized for future cooling system designs and trade-off studies.
机译：数据中心消耗约2％的美国电力，而且这种消耗还在继续增加。这就提出了日益严峻的环境挑战，这主要是由于冷却系统的热量管理所需的功率消耗。建立了基于热流体优先原理的热管理数据中心能源利用模型。该模型应用于单个机架系统，该系统可用作验证的实验平台。描述了两种模型，即代表传统数据中心热管理的空气冷却模型，以及利用液体冷却微处理器和所有其他组件进行空气冷却的混合模型。空气冷却模型考虑的是一台带变速压缩机和现成的气液热交换器的冷却器。水被用作冷却器中的制冷剂和空气之间的中间流体。混合模型用冷板代替了微处理器上的空气冷却散热器，并包括一个额外的冷却器。汇总结果以量化两个冷却方案在关键变量（例如环境温度）范围内的功耗。例如，风冷模型表明，将冷却器设定点提高5°C并通过空气泵送水流量时，附件冷却（即服务器以外的所有硬件）的能耗降低了10％液体热交换器增加了以适应这种情况。在混合模型中，结果表明，相对于传统的空气冷却，在所研究的参数范围内，热管理能耗降低了40％以上，这说明了液体冷却的潜在好处。该模型可用于将来的冷却系统设计和权衡研究。

著录项

  • 作者

    Hwang, Douglas C.;

  • 作者单位

    Tufts University.;

  • 授予单位 Tufts University.;
  • 学科 Engineering Mechanical.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 134 p.
  • 总页数 134
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 机械、仪表工业;
  • 关键词

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