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Data center power minimization with placement optimization of liquid-cooled servers and free air cooling

机译：通过优化水冷服务器的位置和自然风冷来最小化数据中心的功耗

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摘要

Most of today's data centers are equipped with servers that rely on air cooling, which is well known to have low cooling efficiency due to undesired air recirculation. As a result, many data centers have started to adopt liquid cooling and free air cooling for improved cooling efficiency. In this paper, we make two key observations. First, since data centers normally replace only a portion of their servers at a time, an important problem is where in the data center to place those new liquid-cooled servers for the best return on their investment. Given the complex thermal dynamics in a data center, we find, in our process of deploying liquid-cooled servers, different placement strategies lead to significantly different cooling power consumption. Second, different cooling techniques, including traditional air cooling, liquid cooling, and the emerging free air cooling, must be intelligently coordinated with dynamic workload allocation in order to minimize the cooling and server power of a data center. Based on the two observations, we propose SmartPlace, an intelligent placement algorithm that deploys liquid-cooled servers to minimize the power consumption of the data center cooling system. SmartPlace also takes into account the coordination with free air cooling and dynamic workload distribution among servers for jointly minimized cooling and server power in the entire data center. We compare SmartPlace with a state-of-the-art cooling optimization solution for two data centers with 1,280 and 10,240 servers, respectively. The results show that SmartPlace achieves up to 26.7% (with an average of 15%) less total power consumption with dynamically guaranteed application response time. Our hardware testbed results also demonstrate the effectiveness of SmartPlace. Moreover, we analyze how soon a data center can gain a full return on the capital investment of liquid-cooled servers.
机译：当今的大多数数据中心都配备了依赖于空气冷却的服务器，众所周知，由于不希望的空气再循环，其冷却效率很低。结果，许多数据中心已经开始采用液体冷却和自由空气冷却以提高冷却效率。在本文中，我们做出两个关键的观察。首先，由于数据中心通常一次只更换一部分服务器，因此一个重要的问题是，在数据中心的何处放置这些新的液冷服务器以获得最佳的投资回报。考虑到数据中心中复杂的热动力学，我们发现在部署水冷服务器的过程中，不同的放置策略会导致冷却功耗的显着不同。其次，必须智能地协调不同的冷却技术，包括传统的空气冷却，液体冷却和新兴的自由空气冷却，以动态分配工作负载，以最大程度地减少数据中心的冷却和服务器功率。基于这两个观察，我们提出SmartPlace，这是一种智能放置算法，该算法部署了液冷服务器，以最大程度地降低数据中心散热系统的功耗。 SmartPlace还考虑了在服务器之间进行免费风冷和动态工作负载分配的协调，以在整个数据中心内共同最大程度地减少冷却和服务器电源。我们将SmartPlace与最先进的冷却优化解决方案进行了比较，该解决方案针对两个分别具有1,280个和10,240个服务器的数据中心。结果表明，SmartPlace可以在动态保证应用程序响应时间的情况下，将总功耗降低多达26.7％（平均为15％）。我们的硬件测试平台结果也证明了SmartPlace的有效性。此外，我们分析了数据中心在多长时间内可以获得液冷服务器的资本投资的全部回报。

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