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首页> 外文学位 >A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of working memory and attention in nonpsychotic adult siblings of schizophrenic patients.
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A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of working memory and attention in nonpsychotic adult siblings of schizophrenic patients.

机译：功能性磁共振成像研究精神分裂症患者非精神病性成年兄弟姐妹的工作记忆和注意力。

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Individuals with schizophrenia show deficits in working memory and attentional function as well as neurobiological abnormalities including volume reductions in various brain structures and abnormal-brain activation while performing certain tasks. Data have indicated that non-psychotic, biological relatives of individuals with schizophrenia show some of the same deficits in cognitive function, though to a lesser degree, as well as volume abnormalities in many of the same brain structures affected by the disease. The question is raised as to whether biological relatives produce abnormally activated cerebral networks when vulnerable cognitive systems are engaged. The present study investigated a sample of siblings of schizophrenic individuals from primarily multiplex families (Relatives, N = 11) and a sample of Control participants (N = 15) matched on age, male:female ratio, handedness, reading level, estimated IQ and parental education. A battery of task variants of the auditory continuous performance test (CPT) was designed to engage working memory and attention by adding interference suppression and short-term memory demands to the baseline CPT. While participants performed the CPT tasks, wholebrain activation was measured with BOLD functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using a 1.5T General Electric Signa echo-planar device. Data analysis focused on a comparison of the most effortful CPT variant to the baseline CPT, and included construction of group average statistical activation maps and between group comparisons of activation in anatomically defined regions of interest (ROIs). A network of structures possibly involved in working memory and attention was targeted, including the pulvinar, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and parietal and anterior cingulate cortices. In the statistical maps, both groups activated a wide network including prefrontal, temporal and parietal cortices, the left cuneus and cerebellum. Different patterns of cortical activation were seen in the two groups. In the ROI analysis, Relatives tended to activate bilateral superior parietal cortex more than Control participants, whereas Control participants activated right DLPFC and left pulvinar more than Relatives. In Relatives, strong correlations were seen between task performance and DLPFC activity. These results suggest that physiological consequences of carrying genes involved in schizophrenia are present even if individuals do not exhibit the defining symptoms of the disease.
机译：精神分裂症患者表现出工作记忆和注意力功能的缺陷，以及神经生物学异常，包括执行某些任务时各种大脑结构的体积减少和大脑异常激活。数据表明，精神分裂症患者的非精神病性，生物学亲属在认知功能上表现出某些相同的缺陷，尽管程度较轻，并且在受该疾病影响的许多相同的大脑结构中存在体积异常。提出了一个问题，即当脆弱的认知系统参与时，生物学亲戚是否会产生异常激活的大脑网络。本研究调查了一个主要来自多个家庭的精神分裂症患者同胞的样本（亲戚，N = 11）和对照组参与者（N = 15）的样本，这些样本的年龄，男性与女性比例，惯性，阅读水平，估计智商和父母教育。听觉连续性能测试（CPT）的一系列任务变体旨在通过向基线CPT添加干扰抑制和短期记忆需求来吸引工作记忆和注意力。当参与者执行CPT任务时，使用1.5T General Electric Signa回波平面设备通过BOLD功能磁共振成像（fMRI）测量全脑激活。数据分析的重点是比较最省力的CPT变体与基准CPT，并包括构建组平均统计激活图以及在解剖学上定义的感兴趣区域（ROI）中激活之间的组比较。定位可能与工作记忆和注意力有关的结构网络，包括胸膜，背外侧前额叶皮层（DLPFC），顶叶和前扣带回皮层。在统计图中，两组都激活了一个广泛的网络，包括前额叶，颞叶和顶叶皮层，左楔骨和小脑。在两组中观察到了不同的皮质激活模式。在ROI分析中，亲戚比对照参与者更倾向于激活双侧上顶皮层，而对照参与者比亲戚更倾向于激活右DLPFC和左肺盂。在亲戚中，任务绩效与DLPFC活动之间存在很强的相关性。这些结果表明，即使个体没有表现出疾病的明确症状，也存在携带精神分裂症基因的生理后果。

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